Chapter 5 fancy and Toddlerhood - Biosocial Development Flashcards
fancy and Toddlerhood - Biosocial Development
What are three areas of development in infancy to toddlerhood
Biological
Cognitive
Psychosocial
What does biological development include in infancy
Physical growth and changes in the body
What influences biological development
Genetics
Nutrition
Health Factors
Fine and Gross motor skills
What does cognitive development include
Changes in mental process like language thinking memory control impulse control and problem solving
What is cognitive development influenced by
Education
What does psychosocial development include
Development of emotions, personality, and social skills
What is psychosocial development influenced by?
Family, Friends, Community, Culture, & Society
How much does the average newborn weigbh and what is the average length
7.5 lbs 20inches lenght
Males are typically larger
First borns typically smaller than later born siblings
How much weight do newborns lose in first few days and why?
5-10% due to loss of fluids
What is colostrum?
Mothers milk in first 2-3 days Yellowish High in protein High in antibodies and nutrition helps shrink uterus
What are Fontenals
Soft sports of babies skull that are not yet developed upon birth
How much does the average newborn sleep? How often do they wake up? WHy do they wake up ?
2/3 of the day
wakes every 2-3 hours to be fed because baby is rapidly growing
When can an infant sleep through the night
At about 3 months
How often do newborn babies cry?
On average 5-15 minutes of every hour
What are the types of newborn reflexes?
Rooting reflex Stepping reflex Moro reflex Babinski reflex Palmars grasp
Describe rooting reflex. When does rooting reflex disappear?
automatically turn the face toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions with the mouth when the cheek or lip is touched.
helps to ensure successful breastfeeding.
Disappears at 2-3 months
Describe Stepping Reflex. When does it disappear?
When the soles of their feet touch a flat surface they will attempt to walk by placing one foot in front of the other.
Disappears at 3-4 months
Describe Moro reflex? When does it disappear?
a reflex reaction of infants upon being startled (as by a loud noise or a bright light) that is characterized by extension of the arms and legs away from the body and to the side and then by drawing them together as if in an embrace
Happens in sleep
Disappears between 6 and 7 months
Describe the Babinski reflex. When does it disappear
Occurs when bottom of foot is rubbed from heel to toe.
Toes fan out
Disappears around 12 months
Describe Palmars Grasp
Reflex when something put in infants hand they close hand around object
Disappears around 3-4 monts
What is the least developed sense at birth?
Vision
True or False Infants hearing is worse than adults when born
False
newborns hearing is as good as adults at birth.
True or False
Infants sense of smell is not fully developed at birth
False
Newborns are born with great sense of smell and can detect their mothers scent from other mothers scent
How long does it take for taste to develop in infants
Within 2 hours they can distinguis sour vs. bitter and sweet vs salty. Infants prefer sweetness and it can sooth crying babies
True or False infants are sensitive to pain at birth
True
Describe the direction of growth for infants after birth
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal
Is motor development coordinated or uncoordinated?
Uncoordinated
What is brain development in infants characterized by
New nerve endings continuing to emerge.
Continues through about 2 months
Where does most brain activity in an infant occur?
Brain stem
What is Operant Conditioning
Newborns learn to turn their heads a certain way when reinforced with a sweet solution.
What is classical conditioning in infants
Infants learn immidiately after birth to pair a certain smell with sucking behavior
What is social conditoning theory in infants
Infants can imitate certain faces
What are benefits of breastfeeding
Milk is sterile Milk is always right temperature Less likely to develop allergies Provides antibodies Nutritional needs met in correct portions
When do you typically wean a baby
Babies should have breast milk up to 6 months then solid foods can be introduced.
Weaning typically happens around age 1 but it is up to mother when to wean
When does potty training happen
between ages 2-3
Night time potty training around age 4
Define gross motor skills
large muscles and actions required for moving from place to place
Walking
Crawling
Standing
Define Fine motor skills
Smaller muscles and movements involving hands, arms, and fingers
Reaching
Grasping
Drawing
Describe Haptic Perception
To learn about objects by handling them
How can you tell if a baby has Colic
Cries more than 3 hours a day, 3 times a week, for 3 weeks
High pitch crying
Face grimacing
Excess gas
What is Colic caused by
Immature digestive tract
What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrom
When does it typically occur
What is the though cause
Baby dies suddenly in sleep “crib death”
Typically occurs between 2 & 4 months
Thought to be caused by defect in infants brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep
What are risk factors for SIDS
Sleeping on stomach
Sleeping on Side
Sleeping on soft surface 0 can cause being smothered
