Chapter 5 fancy and Toddlerhood - Biosocial Development

Question 1

What are three areas of development in infancy to toddlerhood

Answer 1

Biological
Cognitive
Psychosocial

Question 2

What does biological development include in infancy

Answer 2

Physical growth and changes in the body

Question 3

What influences biological development

Answer 3

Genetics
Nutrition
Health Factors
Fine and Gross motor skills

Question 4

What does cognitive development include

Answer 4

Changes in mental process like 
language
thinking
memory control 
impulse control and 
problem solving

Question 5

What is cognitive development influenced by

Answer 5

Education

Question 6

What does psychosocial development include

Answer 6

Development of emotions, personality, and social skills

Question 7

What is psychosocial development influenced by?

Answer 7

Family, Friends, Community, Culture, & Society

Question 8

How much does the average newborn weigbh and what is the average length

Answer 8

7.5 lbs 20inches lenght
Males are typically larger
First borns typically smaller than later born siblings

Question 9

How much weight do newborns lose in first few days and why?

Answer 9

5-10% due to loss of fluids

Question 10

What is colostrum?

Answer 10

Mothers milk in first 2-3 days
Yellowish
High in protein
High in antibodies and nutrition
helps shrink uterus

Question 11

What are Fontenals

Answer 11

Soft sports of babies skull that are not yet developed upon birth

Question 12

How much does the average newborn sleep? How often do they wake up? WHy do they wake up ?

Answer 12

2/3 of the day

wakes every 2-3 hours to be fed because baby is rapidly growing

Question 13

When can an infant sleep through the night

Answer 13

At about 3 months

Question 14

How often do newborn babies cry?

Answer 14

On average 5-15 minutes of every hour

Question 15

What are the types of newborn reflexes?

Answer 15

Rooting reflex
Stepping reflex
Moro reflex
Babinski reflex
Palmars grasp

Question 16

Describe rooting reflex. When does rooting reflex disappear?

Answer 16

automatically turn the face toward the stimulus and make sucking (rooting) motions with the mouth when the cheek or lip is touched.
helps to ensure successful breastfeeding.
Disappears at 2-3 months

Question 17

Describe Stepping Reflex. When does it disappear?

Answer 17

When the soles of their feet touch a flat surface they will attempt to walk by placing one foot in front of the other.
Disappears at 3-4 months

Question 18

Describe Moro reflex? When does it disappear?

Answer 18

a reflex reaction of infants upon being startled (as by a loud noise or a bright light) that is characterized by extension of the arms and legs away from the body and to the side and then by drawing them together as if in an embrace
Happens in sleep
Disappears between 6 and 7 months

Question 19

Describe the Babinski reflex. When does it disappear

Answer 19

Occurs when bottom of foot is rubbed from heel to toe.
Toes fan out
Disappears around 12 months

Question 20

Describe Palmars Grasp

Answer 20

Reflex when something put in infants hand they close hand around object
Disappears around 3-4 monts

Question 21

What is the least developed sense at birth?

Answer 21

Vision

Question 22

True or False Infants hearing is worse than adults when born

Answer 22

False

newborns hearing is as good as adults at birth.

Question 23

True or False

Infants sense of smell is not fully developed at birth

Answer 23

False

Newborns are born with great sense of smell and can detect their mothers scent from other mothers scent

Question 24

How long does it take for taste to develop in infants

Answer 24

Within 2 hours they can distinguis sour vs. bitter and sweet vs salty. Infants prefer sweetness and it can sooth crying babies

Question 25

True or False infants are sensitive to pain at birth

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Describe the direction of growth for infants after birth

Answer 26

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal

Question 27

Is motor development coordinated or uncoordinated?

Answer 27

Uncoordinated

Question 28

What is brain development in infants characterized by

Answer 28

New nerve endings continuing to emerge. | Continues through about 2 months

Question 29

Where does most brain activity in an infant occur?

Answer 29

Brain stem

Question 30

What is Operant Conditioning

Answer 30

Newborns learn to turn their heads a certain way when reinforced with a sweet solution.

Question 31

What is classical conditioning in infants

Answer 31

Infants learn immidiately after birth to pair a certain smell with sucking behavior

Question 32

What is social conditoning theory in infants

Answer 32

Infants can imitate certain faces

Question 33

What are benefits of breastfeeding

Answer 33

``` Milk is sterile Milk is always right temperature Less likely to develop allergies Provides antibodies Nutritional needs met in correct portions ```

Question 34

When do you typically wean a baby

Answer 34

Babies should have breast milk up to 6 months then solid foods can be introduced. Weaning typically happens around age 1 but it is up to mother when to wean

Question 35

When does potty training happen

Answer 35

between ages 2-3 | Night time potty training around age 4

Question 36

Define gross motor skills

Answer 36

large muscles and actions required for moving from place to place Walking Crawling Standing

Question 37

Define Fine motor skills

Answer 37

Smaller muscles and movements involving hands, arms, and fingers Reaching Grasping Drawing

Question 38

Describe Haptic Perception

Answer 38

To learn about objects by handling them

Question 39

How can you tell if a baby has Colic

Answer 39

Cries more than 3 hours a day, 3 times a week, for 3 weeks High pitch crying Face grimacing Excess gas

Question 40

What is Colic caused by

Answer 40

Immature digestive tract

Question 41

What is Sudden Infant Death Syndrom When does it typically occur What is the though cause

Answer 41

Baby dies suddenly in sleep "crib death" Typically occurs between 2 & 4 months Thought to be caused by defect in infants brain that controls breathing and arousal from sleep

Question 42

What are risk factors for SIDS

Answer 42

Sleeping on stomach Sleeping on Side Sleeping on soft surface 0 can cause being smothered