chapter 5 extended Flashcards
The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are: A) distance, shielding, and symptoms. B) duration, shielding, and dose. C) duration, distance, and shielding. D) dose, symptoms, and shielding.
duration distance and shielding
Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in U.S. burn
mortality?
A) Public service announcements on radio, television, and billboards
B) Paramedic involvement in public education
C) Visits to elementary schools by firefighters
D) Improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use
improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use
Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters? A) Full thickness B) Superficial C) Partial thickness D) Mino
partial thickness
Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old
woman has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:
A) critical.
B) significant.
C) fatal.
D) moderate
critical
An area of burned tissue that is not painful is MOST likely a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ burn injury. A) second-degree B) full thickness C) superficial D) partial thickness
full thickness
You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old
woman who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She
has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient’s burns fall into
which one of the following categories?
A) Superficial
B) Critical
C) Minor
D) Moderate
critical
Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an
outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?
A) Resolution
B) Emergent
C) Fluid shift
D) Hypermetabolic
emergent
Which tissue layer(s) is (are) affected by partial thickness burns? 1. Epidermis 2. Dermis 3. Subcutaneous 4. Muscle A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 B) 1 and 2 C) 1, 2, and 3 D) 1
1 and 2
Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ necrosis of the tissue. A) coagulation B) liquefaction C) thermal D) ischemic
liquification
Your patient has circumferential full thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you
have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you
try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient’s ventilatory status?
A) IV sedation
B) Needle thoracostomy
C) Escharotomy
D) Fasciotomy
escharotomy
Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned? A) Legs B) Arms C) Abdomen D) Feet
feet
Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient's burn injuries? A) Taking antidepressants B) Male gender C) Prior history of burns D) Being in the geriatric age group
being in the geriatric age group
You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your
patient is a 32-year-old man with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial
burns to both lower extremities. Using the “rule of nines,” the percentage of burn is:
A) 54.
B) 27.
C) 36.
D) 45.
45
Which of the following agents is the best choice for analgesia in a patient with 9 percent
partial thickness burns involving the right lower extremity?
A) Naproxen sodium
B) Ketorolac
C) Acetaminophen
D) Fentanyl
fentanyl
The type of electricity supplied to homes is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ current. Contact with this type of current may result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A) indirect; rhabdomyolysis B) direct; rhabdomyolysis C) direct; muscle tetany D) alternating; muscle immobolization
alternating, muscle immobilization
You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full and partial thickness burns. He is an 80 kg
man. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive ________ liters of fluid over 24
hours, with ________ liters infused in the first 8 hours.
A) 9.6; 4.8
B) 5; 3
C) 8.2; 2
D) 4.5; 1.25
9.6; 4.8
According to Jackson's theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage? A) Coagulation B) Hyperemia C) Stasis D) Disintegration
coagulation
Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers
of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?
A) Gamma
B) Alpha
C) Neutron
D) Beta
beta
Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?
A) Inhalation of toxic gases
B) Inhalation of radioactive particles in smoke
C) Inhalation of superheated steam
D) Inhalation of superheated air
inhalation of superheated steam
Which of the following may occur from watching arc welding without proper protection? A) Hyphema B) Retinal detachment C) Ultraviolet keratitis D) Radial keratotomy
ultraviolet keratiitis
For which of the following burn patients could you use local cooling?
A) An 18-month-old child with partial and full thickness scald burns on the lower extremities,
buttocks, genitalia, and lower abdomen
B) A 19-year-old woman with approximately 40 percent superficial and 45 percent partial
thickness burns from sunbathing
C) A 15-year-old man with partial thickness burns of his left upper extremity, anterior chest, and
neck resulting from playing with gasoline and matches
D) A 52-year-old man with a 1-inch-wide full thickness burn across the entire width of the palm
of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a barbecue grill
a 52 year old man with a 1 inch wide full thickness burn across the entire width of the palm of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a BBQ grill
A burn patient who has signs and symptoms of inhalation injury with associated respiratory compromise should be classified as: A) serious. B) moderate. C) critical. D) minor.
critical
You are assessing a 17-year-old male patient with a burn on the lateral aspect of his thigh.
Which of the following guidelines is most helpful when estimating the percentage of total body
surface area involved?
A) The rule of palms
B) The Parkland formula
C) The rule of nines
D) The modified pediatric rule of nine
the rule of palms
Which of the following is TRUE of the heat generated when electricity flows through the
body?
A) Dry skin offers less resistance to electricity, generating more heat.
B) Wet skin offers less resistance to electricity, generating more heat.
C) Wet skin offers greater resistance to electricity, generating more heat.
D) Dry skin offers more resistance to electricity, generating more heat
dry skin offers more resistance to electricity generating more heat
) Cool-water immersion of a burned part effectively reduces burning only when done within which of the following time frames? A) The first 24 hours B) The first 10 to 15 minutes C) The first 1 to 2 minutes D) The first hour
the first 1-2 min
Paralysis of the muscles of respiration may occur when there is body contact with electrical currents as low as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mA. A) 60 B) 100 C) 20 D) 5
20
The first step for treating a patient who has been contaminated with dry lime is to:
A) neutralize the lime with a mild acidic solution, such as vinegar and water.
B) brush away as much of the powder as possible.
C) flush the skin with large amounts of isopropyl alcohol.
D) flush with copious amounts of tepid water.
brush away as much of the powder as possible
Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of most burns to the human
body?
A) Heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein.
B) Radiation, including solar radiation and radiant heat, alters cell structures.
C) Chemicals cause an endothermic reaction that destroys tissue.
D) The skin, and sometimes deeper tissues, are destroyed through combustion.
heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein
Which of the following represents the modified body surface area percentages in the “rule of
nines” for pediatric patients?
A) Posterior chest is 7 percent.
B) Upper extremities are 13.5 percent each.
C) External genitalia is 1 percent.
D) Lower extremities are 13.5 percent each.
lower extremities are 13.5 percent
The voltage of a bolt of lightning may be as much as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ volts, and its temperature may reach \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ degrees Fahrenheit. A) 5,000; 150,000 B) 150,000; 5,000 C) 50,000; 100,000 D) 100,000; 50,000
100,000; 50,000
Most inhalation injuries in burn patients are due to which of the following? A) Toxic inhalation B) Radiation burns of the airway C) Thermal burns of the lower airway D) Thermal burns of the upper airway
toxic inhalation
During which phase of a burn injury does extravasation of proteins, water, and electrolytes
occur, resulting in edema and potential hypovolemia?
A) Emergent
B) Hyperemia
C) Hypermetabolic
D) Fluid shif
fluid shift
Your patient is a 23-year-old woman who was rescued from a burning house. She was asleep
in a back bedroom when the fire started, and there was no smoke alarm. She has a pulse oximetry
reading of 99 percent after receiving oxygen by nonrebreather mask. What is the most
appropriate interpretation of this finding?
A) Effects of smoke inhalation have been resolved by oxygen administration.
B) You cannot rely on this alone to assess oxygenation.
C) There was minimal smoke inhalation.
D) Carboxyhemoglobin is less than 1 percent.
you cannot rely on this alone to assess oxygenation
Which of the following body structures is the best electricity conductor? A) Bones B) Nerves C) Muscle D) Skin
nerves
Which of the following burns would be classified as moderate? A) Superficial < 50 percent BSA B) Full thickness < 2 percent BSA C) Partial thickness < 30 percent BSA D) Partial thickness > 30 percent BSA
partial thickness < 30 percent BSA
) Patients who survive the first several days of a moderate to critical burn are MOST likely to
die from which of the following complications?
A) Hypovolemia
B) Organ failure
C) Infection
D) Hypothermia
infection
Flash burns associated with electricity occur because:
A) air is a moderately good conductor of electricity, generating moderate heat.
B) air is an excellent conductor of electricity, generating moderate heat.
C) air is mildly resistant to the passage of electricity, generating only enough heat to cause
superficial burns.
D) air is highly resistant to the passage of electricity, generating intense heat.
air is highly resistant o the passage of electricity generating intense heat
You are assessing a 37-year-old woman who was rescued from an apartment fire. She has a
harsh, stridorous, “brassy”-sounding cough productive of sooty sputum. Her eyebrows and the
hair around her face are singed. Respirations = 28, heart rate = 108, and blood pressure = 124/84.
You have a 30-minute transport time. Which of the following is the best intervention for this
patient?
A) One hundred percent oxygen by nonrebreather mask
B) Sedation and cricothyrotomy
C) A nebulized albuterol treatment
D) Rapid sequence intubation and endotracheal intubation
rapid sequence intubation and endotracheal intubation
The seriousness of burns in the pediatric population is put into perspective by realizing that
burns are the ________ leading cause of death in children under age 12 years.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
second
Which of the following chemicals must be brushed off the skin, then covered with oil? A) Phenol B) Sodium metal C) Oleoresin capsicum D) Dry lime
sodium metal
