chapter 10 extended Flashcards
The difference in temperature between the environment and the body is known as the: A) thermal gradient. B) ambient temperature. C) thermal temperature. D) ambient gradient.
thermal gradient
Heat loss occurs in all the following ways EXCEPT: A) conduction. B) evaporation. C) convection. D) ingestion.
ingestion
Although the hypothalamus plays a key role in body temperature regulation, there are two
types of thermoreceptors elsewhere in the body. They are the:
A) peripheral thermoreceptors and central thermoreceptors.
B) appendicular thermoreceptors and axial thermoreceptors.
C) internal thermoreceptors and external thermoreceptors.
D) aortic thermoreceptors and carotid thermoreceptors
peripheral thermoreceptors and central thermoreceptors
You and your partner are working a day shift. It is a sunny day, and the temperature is 95°F.
You are dispatched to the town soccer field for an 85-year-old woman complaining of cramping
to her fingers. The patient denies any other complaint of dizziness, nausea, or vomiting. The
patient tells you it feels like her arthritis but much worse. Her vital signs are all within normal
limits, and her skin is warm and moist. What is the MOST likely problem this patient is
experiencing?
A) Heat stroke
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat cramps
D) Arthritis
heat cramps
Individuals working in hot environments will lose 1 to 2 liters of water an hour. Each liter of
water lost will result in how much sodium loss?
A) 20 to 50 milliequivalents
B) 10 to 20 milliequivalents
C) 20 to 50 milligrams
D) 10 to 20 milligrams
20 to 50 milliequivalents
To treat for the excessive loss of sodium in patients with hyperthermic emergencies, the
paramedic should:
A) always administer salt tablets in all patients with heat emergency.
B) never administer salt tablets under any circumstance.
C) administer salt tablets only to patients experiencing heat exhaustion.
D) administer salt tablets to patients only if they are conscious and alert.
never administer salt tablets under any circumstances
Pyrexia is another term for: A) fever. B) excessive thirst. C) heat emergency. D) sunburn.
fever
The pediatric dose of ibuprofen is: A) 10 mg. B) 15 mg. C) 10 mg/kg. D) 15 mg/kg.
10 mg/kg
Patients are classified as hypothermic when their core temperature drops below: A) 40°C. B) 35°C. C) 30°C. D) None of the above
35
All of the following are signs of mild hypothermia EXCEPT: A) tachycardia. B) vasodilation. C) impaired judgment. D) fatigue.
vasodialation
In which of the following patients would you expect to see a subacute exposure to cold?
A) A homeless person
B) A mountain climber
C) A chronically ill patient
D) A patient who fell through ice into water
a mountain climber
The most common arrhythmia seen in hypothermia is: A) ventricular fibrillation. B) ventricular tachycardia. C) atrial fibrillation. D) third-degree heart block.
atrial fibrillation
Active rewarming should not be attempted in the field unless the emergency department is more than \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ minutes away. A) 10 B) 30 C) 45 D) 15
15
According to the American Heart Association, if a hypothermic patient who is in cardiac
arrest does not respond to initial defibrillation and initial drug therapy, subsequent defibrillation
and medication administration should be avoided until the patient’s core temperature is about
________ degrees F or higher.
A) 86
B) 90
C) 96
D) 80
86
When providing fluid resuscitation to a hypothermic patient, the rate of infusion should be: A) 150 to 200 mL/hour. B) 500 to 600 mL/hour. C) 100 to 125 mL/hour. D) 250 to 275 mL/hour.
150 to 200 mL/hour
The portion of skin affected by superficial frostbite is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ layer. A) epidermal B) subdural C) intradural D) subcutaneous
epidermal
You and your partner are treating a 25-year-old man with frostbite on the left hand. Your BLS
unit is going to be delayed because of a severe winter storm that is occurring. You and your
partner decide that you must rewarm the patient’s hand while waiting for your BLS unit. You are
in the patient’s house, and there is no chance of the hand being refrozen. To rewarm the patient’s
hand, you are going to submerge the hand in water. You know that the water must be between
________ and ________ degrees F.
A) 98; 102
B) 104; 108
C) 102; 104
D) 110; 112
102; 104
What percentage of drowning victims are children under five years of age? A) 10 B) 20 C) 40 D) 60
40
What percentage of drowning victims are male? A) 85 B) 80 C) 90 D) 75
85
Which of the following is a predisposing factor to hypothermia?
A) Age of the patient
B) Overall health of the patient
C) Medications the patient takes
D) All of the above are predisposing factors.
all of the above are predisposing factors
A reflex that occurs when a person dives into cold water in which his breathing is inhibited,
his heart rate becomes bradycardic, and vasoconstriction occurs is known as the:
A) diving reflex.
B) mammalian diving reflex.
C) submersion reflex.
D) mammalian submersion reflex.
mammalian diving reflexes
The amount of fluid that enters the lungs in a drowning case is: A) < 30 mL. B) > 30 mL. C) < 20 mL. D) > 20 mL.
<30mL
The substance within the body that is responsible for preventing atelectasis is: A) alveolar fluid. B) surfactant. C) pleural fluid. D) atelectasis fluid.
surfactant
All of the following are part of the drowning sequence of a conscious person EXCEPT:
A) attempted breath holding.
B) violent swallowing efforts.
C) PaCO2 in the blood falling below 50 mmHg.
D) PaO2 in the blood falling below 50 mmHg.
PaCO2 in the blood falling below 50 mmHg
You and your partner are treating a drowning patient who had a submersion time of 10
minutes. Your partner wants to perform the abdominal thrusts; you should:
A) advise your partner that the Heimlich maneuver should not be used for drowning victims.
B) agree with your partner and begin performing the Heimlich maneuver.
C) agree with your partner, as you know the Heimlich maneuver should be performed only on
patients with a submersion time of less than 15 minutes.
D) advise your partner that the Heimlich maneuver should be performed only on patients with a
submersion time of more than 15 minutes.
advise your partner that the Heimlich maneuver should not be used for drowning victims
Boyle's law states that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the pressure of a gas will \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ its volume. A) decreasing; decrease B) decreasing; increase C) increasing; increase D) increasing; decrease
increasing, decrease
Which law of gases states that the amount of gas dissolved in a given volume of fluid is
proportional to the pressure of the gas above it?
A) Boyle’s law
B) Dalton’s law
C) Henry’s law
D) Winston’s law
Henry’s law
A diving injury commonly called "the squeeze" occurs during which phase of diving? A) Descent B) Ascent C) On the surface D) On the bottom
descent
Decompression sickness commonly occurs in divers who are diving below what level? A) 44 feet B) 33 feet C) 22 feet D) 11 feet
33 feet
When is hyperbaric therapy NOT usually necessary? A) Pulmonary overpressure accident B) Decompression sickness C) Acute mountain sickness D) HAPE
pulmonary overpressure accident
You and your partner are treating a 35-year-old woman who is complaining of severe pain in
her joints and abdomen. The patient tells you that she went diving approximately 12 hours prior
to the onset of complaint. Which of the following would be part of a correct course of treatment
for this patient?
A) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask to maintain SpO2 of > 96 percent, IV fluid replacement with
lactated Ringer’s, transport
B) Oxygen via nasal cannula to maintain SpO2 of > 96 percent, fluid replacement with lactated
Ringer’s, transport
C) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask regardless of SpO2 reading, IV fluid replacement with 5
percent dextrose, transport to hyperbaric chamber
D) Oxygen via nonrebreather mask regardless of SpO2 reading, fluid replacement with lactated ringers transport
oxygen via nonrebreather mask regardless of SpO2 reading, fluid replacement with lactated ringers transport
Field assessment/management for pnemomediastinum includes: A) administer high-flow oxygen. B) contact DAN. C) check for pneumothorax. D) all of the above.
all of the above
To eliminate the risk of altitude illness, climbers should climb below \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, where high- altitude illness starts to manifest. A) 8,000 feet B) 4,000 feet C) 6,000 feet D) 12,000 feet
8,000 feet
What do the kidneys do during the hypoxic ventilatory response? A) Shut down B) Function normally C) Decrease the removal of bicarbonate D) Increase the removal of bicarbonate
increase the removal of bicarbonate
Which of the following is a medication used in the treatment of high-altitude conditions? A) Dextrose B) Methylprednisolone C) Atropine D) Diamox
diamox
What is TRUE regarding preventing a heat-related illness?
A) Wait until you are thirsty to begin fluid replacement.
B) Limit exposure to hot environments.
C) Acclimatization decreases body fluid volume.
D) Prepare to acclimatize rapidly.
limit exposure to hot environments
Which of the following is NOT a measure to take to prevent cold-related illness? A) Dress warmly. B) Get plenty of rest. C) Eat more fat than normal. D) Limit exposure to cold environments.
eat more fat than normal
You and your partner respond to an emergency call related to a diver who ascended rapidly
because he was running out of air in his tank. When he reached the top, he complained of sharp
pain in his abdomen. You suspect the diver has an arterial gas embolism, but you’ve never had to
treat one before. What should you do?
A) Call the Divers Alert Network.
B) Start an IV of normal saline.
C) Place the patient in Fowler’s position.
D) Give the patient fruit juice to drink.
call the drivers alert network
You are called to the scene of a diver who has a pressure disorder after a rapid ascent.
Regardless of the type of pressure disorder, you should assess the patient for which condition?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Nitrogen narcosis
C) Eardrum rupture
D) Panic disorder
pneumothorax
Which diagnostic test is important for the paramedic to include in the assessment of patients with a heat- or cold-related emergency? A) Blood glucose level B) Arterial blood gases C) Electrocardiogram D) Urine protein level
electrocardiogram
