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Paramedic Trauma Emergencies > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

The three primary factors that determine the severity of radiation are:
Question 1 options:

A)

distance, shielding, and symptoms.

B)

duration, shielding, and dose.

C)

duration, distance, and shielding.

D)

dose, symptoms, and shielding.

A

duration, distance and shielding

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2
Q

Which of the following has contributed most significantly to the decline in U.S. burn mortality?
Question 2 options:

A)

Paramedic involvement in public education

B)

Visits to elementary schools by firefighters

C)

Improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use

D)

Public service announcements on radio, television, and billboards

A

improved building codes and construction and sprinkler and smoke detector use

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3
Q

Which classification of burn is characterized mainly by blisters?
Question 3 options:

A)

Partial thickness

B)

Superficial

C)

Minor

D)

Full thickness

A

partial thickness

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4
Q

Based on total body surface area and burn depth, you have determined that an 88-year-old woman has a moderate burn. Considering the age of the patient, this burn is classified as:
Question 4 options:

A)

moderate.

B)

fatal.

C)

significant.

D)

critical.

A

critical

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5
Q

You have been dispatched to a call for a burn patient. Upon arriving, you find a 23-year-old woman who was sunbathing and fell asleep. She is alert and oriented and in moderate pain. She has blisters covering her extremities, abdomen, face, and chest. This patient’s burns fall into which one of the following categories?
Question 5 options:

A)

Critical

B)

Superficial

C)

Minor

D)

Moderate

A

critical

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6
Q

Which of the following stages of burn injury is best described as including a pain response, an outpouring of catecholamines, tachycardia, tachypnea, mild hypertension, and anxiety?
Question 6 options:

A)

Emergent

B)

Hypermetabolic

C)

Resolution

D)

Fluid shift

A

emergent

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7
Q

Contact with strong alkalis results in burns involving ________ necrosis of the tissue.
Question 7 options:

A)

liquefaction

B)

ischemic

C)

coagulation

D)

thermal

A

liquefaction

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8
Q

Your patient has circumferential full thickness burns of the thorax. He is intubated, and you have noticed an increase in resistance as you bag him. His skin is very tight and inflexible as you try to ventilate. Which of the following is required to improve this patient’s ventilatory status?
Question 8 options:

A)

Fasciotomy

B)

Needle thoracostomy

C)

IV sedation

D)

Escharotomy

A

escharotomy

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9
Q

Which of the following body areas warrant special attention when burned?
Question 9 options:

A)

Abdomen

B)

Feet

C)

Legs

D)

Arms

A

abdomen

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10
Q

Which of the following patient factors increases the criticality of the patient’s burn injuries?
Question 10 options:

A)

Prior history of burns

B)

Being in the geriatric age group

C)

Taking antidepressants

D)

Male gender

A

being in the geriatric age group

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11
Q

You are dispatched to a structure fire at which there is a report of a burned person. Your patient is a 32-year-old man with blisters on his anterior chest and circumferential superficial burns to both lower extremities. Using the “rule of nines,” the percentage of burn is:
Question 11 options:

A)

54.

B)

36.

C)

45.

D)

27.

A

45

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12
Q

The type of electricity supplied to homes is ________ current. Contact with this type of current may result in ________.
Question 12 options:

A)

direct; rhabdomyolysis

B)

direct; muscle tetany

C)

indirect; rhabdomyolysis

D)

alternating; muscle immobolization

A

alternating, muscle immobilization

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13
Q

You are caring for a patient with 30 percent full and partial thickness burns. He is an 80 kg man. According to the Parkland formula, he should receive ________ liters of fluid over 24 hours, with ________ liters infused in the first 8 hours.
Question 13 options:

A)

5; 3

B)

4.5; 1.25

C)

9.6; 4.8

D)

8.2; 2

A

9.6 ; 4.8

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14
Q

According to Jackson’s theory of thermal wounds, which of the following zones has suffered the greatest damage?
Question 14 options:

A)

Coagulation

B)

Stasis

C)

Disintegration

D)

Hyperemia

A

coagulation

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15
Q

Which type of radiation particle can travel through 6 to 10 feet of air, penetrate a few layers of clothing, and cause external and internal injuries?
Question 15 options:

A)

Beta

B)

Gamma

C)

Alpha

D)

Neutron

A

beta

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16
Q

Which of the following accounts for the most severe thermal burns of the airway?
Question 16 options:

A)

Inhalation of superheated steam

B)

Inhalation of superheated air

C)

Inhalation of toxic gases

D)

Inhalation of radioactive particles in smoke

A

inhalation of superheated air

17
Q

For which of the following burn patients could you use local cooling?
Question 17 options:

A)

A 15-year-old man with partial thickness burns of his left upper extremity, anterior chest, and neck resulting from playing with gasoline and matches

B)

An 18-month-old child with partial and full thickness scald burns on the lower extremities, buttocks, genitalia, and lower abdomen

C)

A 52-year-old man with a 1-inch-wide full thickness burn across the entire width of the palm of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a barbecue grill

D)

A 19-year-old woman with approximately 40 percent superficial and 45 percent partial thickness burns from sunbathing

A

a 52 year old man with a 1-inch-wide full thickness burn across the entire width of the palm of his right hand resulting from picking up a hot grate from a barbecue grill

18
Q

A burn patient who has signs and symptoms of inhalation injury with associated respiratory compromise should be classified as:
Question 18 options:

A)

serious.

B)

moderate.

C)

critical.

D)

minor.

A

critical

19
Q

You are assessing a 17-year-old male patient with a burn on the lateral aspect of his thigh. Which of the following guidelines is most helpful when estimating the percentage of total body surface area involved?
Question 19 options:

A)

The Parkland formula

B)

The modified pediatric rule of nines

C)

The rule of palms

D)

The rule of nines

A

rule of palms

20
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of the heat generated when electricity flows through the body?
Question 20 options:

A)

Wet skin offers less resistance to electricity, generating more heat.

B)

Wet skin offers greater resistance to electricity, generating more heat.

C)

Dry skin offers more resistance to electricity, generating more heat.

D)

Dry skin offers less resistance to electricity, generating more heat.

A

dry skin offers more resistance to electricity generating more heat

21
Q

The first step for treating a patient who has been contaminated with dry lime is to:
Question 21 options:

A)

neutralize the lime with a mild acidic solution, such as vinegar and water.

B)

flush the skin with large amounts of isopropyl alcohol.

C)

flush with copious amounts of tepid water.

D)

brush away as much of the powder as possible.

A

brush away as much of the powder as possible

22
Q

Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of most burns to the human body?
Question 22 options:

A)

Heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein.

B)

Chemicals cause an endothermic reaction that destroys tissue.

C)

Radiation, including solar radiation and radiant heat, alters cell structures.

D)

The skin, and sometimes deeper tissues, are destroyed through combustion.

A

heat causes evaporation of water and denatures protein

23
Q

Which of the following represents the modified body surface area percentages in the “rule of nines” for pediatric patients?
Question 23 options:

A)

Lower extremities are 13.5 percent each.

B)

External genitalia is 1 percent.

C)

Posterior chest is 7 percent.

D)

Upper extremities are 13.5 percent each.

A

lower extremities are 13.5 percent each

24
Q

The voltage of a bolt of lightning may be as much as ________ volts, and its temperature may reach ________ degrees Fahrenheit.
Question 24 options:

A)

150,000; 5,000

B)

50,000; 100,000

C)

5,000; 150,000

D)

100,000; 50,000

A

100,000 ; 50,000

25
Q

Most inhalation injuries in burn patients are due to which of the following?
Question 25 options:

A)

Radiation burns of the airway

B)

Thermal burns of the lower airway

C)

Thermal burns of the upper airway

D)

Toxic inhalation

A

toxic inhalation

26
Q

During which phase of a burn injury does extravasation of proteins, water, and electrolytes occur, resulting in edema and potential hypovolemia?
Question 26 options:

A)

Fluid shift

B)

Emergent

C)

Hyperemia

D)

Hypermetabolic

A

fluid shift

27
Q

Which of the following body structures is the best electricity conductor?
Question 27 options:

A)

Nerves

B)

Skin

C)

Bones

D)

Muscle

A

nerves

28
Q

You are assessing a 37-year-old woman who was rescued from an apartment fire. She has a harsh, stridorous, “brassy”-sounding cough productive of sooty sputum. Her eyebrows and the hair around her face are singed. Respirations = 28, heart rate = 108, and blood pressure = 124/84. You have a 30-minute transport time. Which of the following is the best intervention for this patient?
Question 28 options:

A)

A nebulized albuterol treatment

B)

One hundred percent oxygen by nonrebreather mask

C)

Sedation and cricothyrotomy

D)

Rapid sequence intubation and endotracheal intubation

A

rapid sequence intubation and endotracheal intubation

29
Q

The seriousness of burns in the pediatric population is put into perspective by realizing that burns are the ________ leading cause of death in children under age 12 years.
Question 29 options:

A)

fourth

B)

first

C)

third

D)

second

A

second

30
Q

Which of the following chemicals must be brushed off the skin, then covered with oil?
Question 30 options:

A)

Sodium metal

B)

Phenol

C)

Dry lime

D)

Oleoresin capsicum

A

sodium metal

Paramedic Trauma Emergencies (23 decks)

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