chapter 3 Flashcards
Which of the following guidelines applies to the prehospital administration of IV fluids in the patient with hemorrhagic shock?
Question 1 options:
A)
Begin with a 2,000 mL bolus of isotonic crystalloid solution infused under pressure.
B)
Administer isotonic crystalloid fluids only as necessary to maintain perfusion.
C)
Administer synthetic oxygen-carrying fluids as necessary to increase the level of consciousness.
D)
Administer hypertonic saline solution or colloids at a keep-open rate.
administer isotonic crystalloid fluids only as necessary to maintain
As a patient with hemorrhagic blood loss becomes more acidotic, what homeostatic process is usually impaired?
Question 2 options:
A)
Aerobic metabolism
B)
Coagulation
C)
Vascular phase
D)
Hemoptysis
coagulation
Which of the following is defined as the volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat?
Question 3 options:
A)
Afterload
B)
Cardiac output
C)
Stroke volume
D)
Ventricular capacitance
stroke volume
Which of the following mechanisms is responsible for accumulating lactic acid in shock?
Question 4 options:
A)
Anaerobic metabolism
B)
The citric acid cycle
C)
Hemostasis
D)
Gluconeogenesis
anaerobic metabolism
Even with intervention, survival is unlikely with blood loss over ________ percent of the total blood volume.
Question 5 options:
A)
15
B)
25
C)
50
D)
35
35
Which of the following indicates that a patient has transitioned from compensated to decompensated shock?
Question 6 options:
A)
Peripheral vasoconstriction
B)
Hypotension
C)
Increased respiratory rate
D)
Widening pulse pressure
hypotension
Red blood cells make up approximately ________ percent of whole blood volume.
Question 7 options:
A)
30
B)
60
C)
45
D)
15
45
The blood flowing to the heart best describes:
Question 8 options:
A)
contractility.
B)
preload.
C)
afterload.
D)
vascular phase.
preload
Which of the following impairs blood clotting?
Question 9 options:
A)
Hypothermia
B)
Administration of IV fluids
C)
Use of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory medications
D)
All of these
all of these
The rapid trauma exam focuses on finding injuries that may cause shock by quickly assessing which of the following body areas? 1. Head 2. Neck 3. Chest 4. Abdomen 5. Pelvis 6. Proximal extremities 7. Distal extremities Question 10 options:
A)
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7
B)
1, 4, 5, and 6
C)
3, 4, 5, and 6
D)
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
1,2,3,4,and 5
Which of the following fluids is appropriate for the prehospital management of hypovolemic shock?
Question 11 options:
A)
Lactated Ringer’s
B)
A 0.2% sodium chloride solution
C)
Five percent dextrose in water
D)
A 0.45% sodium chloride solution
Lactated ringers
Which of the following would be the MOST likely cause of neurogenic shock?
Question 12 options:
A)
Pericardial tamponade
B)
Massive histamine release
C)
Systemic infection
D)
Spinal cord injury
spinal cord injury
Which of the following early signs of shock is easily missed?
Question 13 options:
A)
Tachycardia
B)
Decrease in blood pressure
C)
Decrease in respiratory rate and volume
D)
Narrowing pulse pressure
tachycardia
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
Question 14 options:
A)
Clots quickly on its own
B)
Rapid blood loss
C)
Bright red
D)
Spurting or pumping as it leaves the body
clots quickly on its own
Which of the following represents the correct sequence for controlling hemorrhage from an extremity?
Question 15 options:
A)
Finger pressure through the dressing to the leaking vessel, splinting, ice, elevation
B)
Direct pressure on the dressing and wound, finger pressure through the dressing to the leaking vessel, and, if pressure fails, application of a tourniquet
C)
Direct pressure on the dressing and wound, elevation, ice, tourniquet as a last resort
D)
Direct pressure on the dressing and wound, elevation, ice
direct pressure on the dressing and wound, finger pressure through the dressing to the leaking vessel and if pressure fails , application of a tourniquet
