Chapter 5 Exam 2

Question 1

The breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones, enzyme regulated chemical reactions that release energy. ATP synthesis.

Answer 1

Catabolism

Question 2

Reactions which use water and in which chemical bonds are broken (in catabolism).

Answer 2

Hydrolytic

Question 3

Enzyme regulated energy requiring reactions. The building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones. Often involves dehydration synthesis (reaction that releases water) Include the formation of proteins from amino acids. Endergonic. ATP breakdown.

Answer 3

Anabolism

Question 4

The sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism

Answer 4

Metabolism

Question 5

Explains how chemical reactions occur and how certain factors affect the rates of those reactions. All Adams, ions, and molecules are continuously moving and colliding with one another. Energy transfer by these particles in the collision can disrupt their electrons structures enough to break chemical bonds or form new bonds.

Answer 5

Collision theory

Question 6

Velocities of colliding particles, their energy, and the specific chemical configurations.

Answer 6

Chemical reaction is based on what?

Question 7

Collision energy required for a chemical reaction. Is the amount of energy needed to disrupt the stable electron configuration of any specific molecule so that the electrons can be rearranged.

Answer 7

Activation energy

Question 8

The frequency of collisions containing sufficient energy to bring about a reaction.

Answer 8

Reaction rate

Question 9

Substances that can speed up a chemical reaction without being permanently altered themselves. Lower activation energy.

Answer 9

Catalysts/enzymes

Question 10

Enzymes act on a specific substance

Answer 10

Substrate

Question 11

The substrate contacts the active site, enzyme substrate complex, substrate is transformed into products, products are released, enzyme recovers and changed.

Answer 11

The mechanism of enzymatic action

Question 12

Intermediate compound forms, enzyme plus substrate

Answer 12

Enzyme substrate complex

Question 13

Non-protein component of an enzyme

Answer 13

Cofactor

Question 14

Nad+, functions as an electron carrier in catabolic (energy yielding) reactions.

Answer 14

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, coenzyme

Question 15

Nadp+ primarily involved in anabolic (energy requiring) reactions.

Answer 15

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, coenzyme

Question 16

Temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and the presence or absence of inhibitors.

Answer 16

Things that influence the activity of an enzyme

Question 17

Fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with the normal substrate for the active site. Sulfanilamide/paba

Answer 17

Competitive inhibitors

Question 18

Inhibition by interacting with another part of the enzyme

Answer 18

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Question 19

The inhibitor binds to a site on the enzyme other than the substrates binding site call the allosteric site

Answer 19

Allosteric inhibition

Question 20

This control mechanism stops The cell from making more of a substance that it needs and thereby wasting chemical resources.

Answer 20

Feedback inhibition or and product inhibition

Question 21

In many metabolic pathways than product can be Allosterically inhibited by the activity of one of the enzymes earlier in the pathway. Usually act on the first enzyme in the metabolic pathway

Answer 21

End product inhibition

Question 22

Unique type of RNA like protein enzymes, functions as a catalyst, has active sites that binding to substrates, and are not used up in a chemical reaction. Cut and splice RNA that are involved in protein synthesis at ribosomes.

Answer 22

Ribozyme

Question 23

An electron is transferred from molecule a to molecule b in the process molecule a is oxidized, and molecule b is reduced.

Answer 23

Oxidation reduction

Question 24

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupled: each time one substance is oxidized another is simultaneously reduced

Answer 24

Redox reaction