Chapter 1 Exam 1 Flashcards
Independent variable
Manipulated in the experiment
Different types of mold
(Types of tomatoes)
Dependent variable
Measured variable. Provides quantitative data for analysis.
Taste, smell, “outcome”
Controlled
Maintaining identical conditions for all other variables between test groups
Alexander Fleming*
1928 Staphylococcus aureus Mold Penicillium notatum Hypothesis: mold is secreting something that kills bacteria
Positive control
Used to validate experimental procedure, to provide a positive result
Negative control
Used to validate experimental procedure, provides a negative result, shows the materials are not contaminated
Microorganisms
Too small to see wi the naked eye
Bacteria, archaea, algae, Protozoa, fungi (molds and yeast) viruses
Phylogeny
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms
Genetic relatedness
Scientific method
Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, conclusion
Pathogenic
Disease producing
Carolus Linnaeus
1735 system of nomenclature
Genus (1st name) and species, italicized or underlined,
After a scientific name has been mentioned once, it can be abbreviated with the initial of the genus followed by the species name
Bacteria and archaea
Unicellular organisms
Genetic material not enclosed in a nuclear membrane (prokaryote)
Strepto
Chains
Enterica
Intestines
Sarccharomyces
Sugar fungus
Pyogen
Pus
Cerevisa
Beer
Chrysogenum
Yellow
Trypanosome
Borer body
Bacillus
Rod like
Coccus
Spherical or ovoid
Peptidoglycan
Protein carbohydrate cell wall
Binary fission
Reproducing by dividing into 2 equal parts
Archae
No Peptidoglycan
No human disease
Methanogens
Archaea that produce methane
Extreme thermophiles
Archaea that live in hot sulfurous water
Extreme halophiles
Archaea that live in extreme salt
Bacillus
Rod like
Coccus
Spherical or ovoid
Peptidoglycan
Protein carbohydrate cell wall
Binary fission
Reproducing by dividing into 2 equal parts
Archae
No Peptidoglycan
No human disease
Discovered by Charles woese
Methanogens
Archaea that produce methane
Extreme thermophiles
Archaea that live in hot sulfurous water
Extreme halophiles
Archaea that live in extreme salt
Eukaryotes (distinct nucleus containing the cell's Dna) Kingdom fungi Unicellular or multicellular No photosynthesis Chitin Yeast mold slime mold (amoeba + mold) Can reproduce sexually or asexually Can absorb organic material from the environment
Fungi
Yeasts
Oval
Larger than bacteria
Molds
Made of mycelia (composed of filaments called hyphae)
Cottony
Unicellular eukaryotes
Pseudopods, flagella or cilia
Free entities or parasites
Can reproduce sexually or asexually
Protozoa
Parasites
Derive nutrients from living hosts or ingest organic compounds from their environment
Euglena
Photosynthetic Protozoa
Photosynthetic eukaryotes Sexual and asexual reproduction Usually unicellular Cell walls of cellulose In Water soil or plants Do not generally require organic compounds from the environment Autotrophs - carbon fixation
Algae
Can only be seen with an electron microscope
Particle
Either Dna or rna
Can’t reproduce as self sufficient units using only cellular machinery of other organisms
Are not considered living because they are inert outside of living hosts
Viruses
Eukaryotes
Parasitic worms - flatworms and round worms
Helminths
Microscopic at some stage
Multicellular animal parasites
1978
Devised a system of classification for organisms of three domains (bacteria archaea eukaryotes)
Carl woese
Cell walls consisting of Peptidoglycan Prokaryote Fission do conjugation Bacilli, Coccus, or spiral Cilia or flagella Distinguished by habitat, biochemistry or DNA sequence
Bacteria
Cell walls lack Peptidoglycan
Archaea