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Biology 20 > Chapter 5: Evolution > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Species Diversity

A

The number of different species.

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2
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

Amount of variation in inherited traits between individuals of the same species.

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3
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of classification according to the inferred relationships among organisms.

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4
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

A method of naming organisms by using two names - the genus and the species name. Scientific names are italicized.

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5
Q

Genus

A

The first part of a binomial name; a genus includes several species.

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6
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that look alike and can interbreed under antural conditions to produce fertile offspring.

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7
Q

Taxa

A

Categories used to classify organisms.

Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

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8
Q

Protista

A

Eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

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9
Q

Monera

A

In a five-kingdom system, a kingdom that include organisms that are prokaryotic.

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10
Q

Archaebacteria

A

A six-kingdom system, a kingdom consisting of prokaryotic microorganisms distinct from eubacteria that possess a cell wall not containing peptidoglycan and that live in harsh environments such as salt lakes and thermal vents.

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11
Q

Eubacteria

A

In a six-kingdom system, a kingdom consisting of prokaryotic microorganisms that possess a peptidoglycan cell wall. Live everywhere.

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12
Q

Phylogeny

A

The history of the evolution of a species or a group of organisms.

*Phylogenetic tree is used to represent.

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13
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

A two-part key used to identify living things.

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14
Q

Paleontology

A

The study of fossils.`

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15
Q

Radiometric Dating

A

A technique used to determine the age of a rock or fossil. Measured in units of half-lives which is the amount of time it takes for half the sample of an isotope to decay and become stable.

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16
Q

Biogeography

A

the study of the geographic distribution of life on Earth.

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17
Q

Endemic

A

A term used to describe a species that is found in one location only.

18
Q

Homologous Features

A

Features with similar structures but different functions. That are signs of evolutionary similarities.

19
Q

Analogous Features

A

Features that are similar in appearance and function, but do not appear to have the same evolutionary origin.

20
Q

Vestigial Features

A

Rudimentary structures with no useful function. Are a sign of evolutionary similarities.

21
Q

DNA

A

The molecule that makes up genetic material.

22
Q

Gene

A

A segment of DNA that preforms a specific function, such as coding for a particular protein.

23
Q

Artificial Selection

A

The process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with the desired traits.

24
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

The belief that living things arose from non-living matter.

25
Q

Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

The false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life of an individual.

26
Q

Natural Selection

A

The result of differential reproductive success of indiviuduals caused by variations in their inherited characteristics.

27
Q

Mutation

A

A change in the DNA sequence in a chromosome.

28
Q

Neutral Mutation

A

A mutation that has no effect on the organism.

29
Q

Fitness

A

An organism’s reproductive success.

30
Q

Harmful Mutation

A

A mutation that reduces an organism’s fitness.

31
Q

Beneficial Mutation

A

A mutation that enhances an organism’s fitness.

32
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

The production of offspring from a single parent; offspring inherit the genes of that parent only.

33
Q

Siblings

A

Offspring from the same parent in both asexual and sexual reproduction.

34
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

The production of offspring by the union of sex cells from two different parents; the offspring inherit a combination of genes from both parents.

35
Q

Gene Pool

A

All the genes in a certain population.

36
Q

Speciation

A

The formation of new species.

37
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

Speciation by reproductive isolation.

38
Q

Theory of Gradualism

A

The idea that speciation takes place slowly.

39
Q

Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium

A

The idea that species evolve rapidly, followed by a period of little or no change.

40
Q

Divergent Evolution

A

Evolution into many different species.

41
Q

Convergent Evolution

A

The process whereby distantly related organisms independantly evolve similar traits to adapt to similar necessities.

Biology 20 (9 decks)

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