Chapter 5: Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

A person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind. eg/Alertness, self-awareness etc..

Question 2

minimal consciousness

Answer 2

low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behaviour

Question 3

full consciousness

Answer 3

you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 4

cognitive unconscious

Answer 4

the processing of perception, memory, learning, thought, and language without being aware of it

Question 5

circadian rhythm

Answer 5

the physical, mental, and behavioral changes an organism experiences over a 24-hour cycle, Light and dark have the biggest influence on circadian rhythms

Question 6

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 6

affects alertness and sleep by causing the pineal gland to decrease melatonin production in the morning and increase production in the evening

Question 7

sleep stages

Answer 7

patterns of brain waves and muscle activity that are associated with different types of consciousness and sleep

Question 8

the sleep cycle

Answer 8

patterns of shifting through all the sleep stages over the course of the night

Question 9

beta and alpha waves

Answer 9

awake and alertness generates beta waves and drowsy and relaxed generates alpha waves

Question 10

stage 1: falling asleep

Answer 10

breathing slows down, may encounter hypnagogic hallucinations, brain waves become slower and irregular (4-7Hz)

Question 11

stage 2: sleep

Answer 11

beginning of sleep, sleep spindles and k complexes occur here

Question 12

stage 3/4: deep sleep

Answer 12

deeper sleep state where brain activity slows in delta waves (3 Hz)

Question 13

stage 5: REM sleep

Answer 13

deepest stage of sleep, the brain becomes more active (BW 25Hz) and eyes start to moving rapidly, REM, dreams take place durning REM sleep

Question 14

What happens durning REM sleep

Answer 14

• heart rate rises and breathing becomes rapid
• '’sleep paralysis’’ occurs when brainstem blocks motor cortex’s messages/muscles don’t move
• genitals are aroused stay that way after REM

Question 15

paradoxical sleep (REM)

Answer 15

when the brain is active but the body is immobile

Question 16

insomnia

Answer 16

persistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep causes/caused by depression, anxiety or stress

Question 17

narcolepsy

Answer 17

sudden sleep attacks durning waking activity may collapse into REM sleep and last from 30secs to 30mins

Question 18

sleep apnea (‘‘with no breath’’)

Answer 18

repeated awakening after breathing stops; time in bed is not restorative sleep caused by age/excess weight

Question 19

night terrors

Answer 19

the sudden arousal from deep sleep with intense fear accompanied by physiological reactions (eg, rapid heart rate, perspiration)

Question 20

sleepwalk/sleeptalk

Answer 20

a deep sleep disorder which is usually harmless and not recalled the next day occur in deep sleep and affect kids

Question 21

Freud’s wish fulfillment

Answer 21

dreams provide a psychic safety valve to get rid of bad feelings

Question 22

Activation-synthesis theory

Answer 22

dreams are the brain’s way of making sense of random electrical signals durning REM sleep. Dreams don’t have special meanings

Question 23

psychoactive drug

Answer 23

chemicals that, when they get into the body, change what you think and feel and/or how you act. agonists/antagonists

Question 24

physical dependence

Answer 24

the body has been altered in ways that create cravings for the drug

Question 25

psychological dependence

Answer 25

a person feels a strong desire to use the drug even in the absence of physical dependence

Question 26

withdrawal

Answer 26

negative physiological and psychological consequences that a person has when they suddenly stop or cut back the use of an addictive substance

Question 27

addiction

Answer 27

compulsive craving for the chemical substance despite its adverse consequences

Question 28

depressants

Answer 28

drugs that reduce neural activity in the CNS and slow body functions, eg alcohol, opiates

Question 29

expectancy theory

Answer 29

alcohol consumption may influence behaviour through individuals’ expectations about alcohol’s emotional, physiological, and behavioural effects

Question 30

opiates

Answer 30

chemicals like morphine and heroin that made from the opium poppy, reduces anxiety and pain

Question 31

stumulants

Answer 31

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions, eg caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

Question 32

cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy/MDMA

Answer 32

produce euphoria and energy followed by irritability, insomnia, seizures, depression

Question 33

hallucinogens

Answer 33

psychedelic drugs like LSD and mescaline that change how you see things and make you feel things even when you’re not actually feeling them

Question 34

lysergic acid diethyl-amide (LSD)

Answer 34

powerful hallucinogenic drug that is also knows as acid

Question 35

THC

Answer 35

major active ingredient in marijuana that triggers a variety of effects like mild hallucinations

Question 36

hypnosis

Answer 36

a social interaction in which one person (hypnotist) suggests another (the subject) that changes in their subjective experiences will occurs (perceptions, feelings, thoughts)

Question 37

hypnotic induction

Answer 37

the process by which a hypnotist leads someone into the stage of heightened suggestibility

Question 38

hypnotic analgesia

Answer 38

reduction of pain due to hypnotic induction and suggestion