Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro To Psych I > Chapter 2: Methods In Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Methods In Psychology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The scientific attitude

A

Composed of:
- curiosity (open-mindedness)
- skepticism (critical thinking)
- humility (ability to accept the truth, even if you don’t want to believe it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Critical thinking

A

Must be applied to examine the argument under evaluation:
- decisions are based on evidence and logic
- requires examining whether evidence is reliable and has been interpreted in a unbiased way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The amazing Randi

A

Applies critical thinking to test mystic and supernatural claims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The scientific method

A

a procedure psychologists use for finding the truth by the use of empirical (observational) evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Theory

A

Proposed explanation of natural phenomena, supported by empirical evidence obtained by use of scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A testable prediction, often prompted by a theory but can also be based on prior observations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Empirical approach

A

The key characteristic of science is the use of observation and measurement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conceptual definition

A
  • Explain what a concept means?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Operational definition

A

A definition of the concept in terms of the specific processes used to measure it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Construct validity

A

The level to which what you are interested in is measured by the operational definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reliability

A

Likelihood for a measurement to achieve the same result when applied to the same object twice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Power

A

A measure’s ability to recognize small differences in what it is measuring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Demand characteristics

A

Traits of an observing environment that lead people to act in ways they believe others want or expect them to act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Single-blind procedure

A

Participants are unaware of the hypothesis and purpose of the study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Observe bias

A

Expectations can influence observations and influence decisions receptions of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Double-blind procedure

A

Both the participants and the observer are unaware of the expected outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Placebo effect

A

When an improvement of symptoms is observed, despite using a non active treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Population

A

Complete selection of the people that you width to study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sample

A

A collection of people drawn from a population, provides an estimate of what you would find if u studied everyone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Random sampling

A

Provides results that are representative of the population you are studying

21
Q

Descriptive statistics

A

Summarize data and reveal patterns that are difficult to detect in the raw data

22
Q

Variable

A

A trait with changeable value

23
Q

Frequency distribution

A

the number of observations for each possible value of a variable

24
Q

Normal distribution

A

Symmetrical bell-shaped curve on a graph that describes the distribution of many types of data

25
Q

Mode

A

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution

26
Q

Mean

A

The arithmetic average of scores in a distribution

27
Q

Media

A

The middle score in a rank-ordered (small to large) distribution

28
Q

Skewed distributions

A

When a frequency distribution is normal, the MMM are all the same but when it’s +/- skewed these three measures are different

29
Q

Range

A

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

30
Q

Standard deviation

A

A calculation of the average distance of scores from the mean

31
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

Passively (observing) and unobtrusively (recording) observing the behaviours of your subjects in natural environment

32
Q

Case study

A

An individual or others is studied in depth. Provides great deal of information about the subjects

33
Q

Survey

A

A technique for ascertaining the self- reported attitudes, opinions or behaviours of people

34
Q

Correlation

A

Two variables (traits, behaviours, etc.) are said to be correlated when changes are synchronized with changes in the value of the other

35
Q

Positive correlation

A

Both variables increase/decrease together

36
Q

Negative correlation

A

As one variable increases, the other decreases

37
Q

Scatterplot

A

A graph comprised of points that are generated by by values of two variables

38
Q

Correlation coefficient

A

A number that represents the strength and direction of a correlation -1, 0,+1

39
Q

Third- variable correlation

A

Facts that two variables are correlated only because each is causally related to a third variable

40
Q

Experiment

A

Manipulate variables that interest us, while making their factors are kept under control

41
Q

Independent variable

A

A variable that is manipulated

42
Q

Random assignment

A

In order to control for differences between groups, participants are randomly assigned to a group

43
Q

Dependent variable

A

Factor that may change in response to an independent variable. What is being measured

44
Q

External validity

A

Variables are defined in a normal or realistic way

45
Q

Internal validity

A

Characteristics of an experiment that allows it to create natural connections

46
Q

Replication

A

An experiment that uses the same procedures as a previous experiment but with a new sample from the same population

47
Q

Type 1 error

A

When researches conclude that there is a casual relationship between 2 variables when in fact there is not

48
Q

Type 2 error

A

When researches conclude that there is not a casual relationship between 2 variables but there is

49
Q

Debriefing

A

A verbal explanation of the actual nature and goal of a research

Intro To Psych I (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions