Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro To Psych I > Chapter 3: Neuroscience And Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Neuroscience And Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenology

A

The belief that bumps on the skull are related to mental abilities and character traits. Developed by Franz Gall in 1800

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Glial Cells

A

Support, nourish and protect neurons, make up majority of nervous system cells and play a role in thinking/learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells that send messages all over your body to allow you to do everything like breathing, talking, eating, and thinking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Receive information from the body or external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Motor neurons

A

Send instructions to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interneurons

A

receive and send information to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cell body

A

Life support centre of the neuron, does information-processing tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dendrites

A

Branching extensions at the cell body, receive information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Axon

A

long single extensions making neurons send messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Terminal Buttons of axon

A

Knob like endings of an axon that transmit messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neural impulse

A

Action potential, electrical signal travelling down the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Voltage

A

A measure of the electrical force that would drive an electric current between two points

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ion

A

An atom/molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to total number of protons giving it a positive/negative electric charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Resting potential

A

When a neuron is at rest, not receiving input or firing an action potential, higher concentration of negative ions inside the cell than outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Action potential

A

electrical charge that travels down an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Threshold

A

Each neuron receives excitatory and inhibitory signals from many neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Refractory period

A

Time following an action potential durning which a new action potential can’t be initiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

All-or-None response

A

A stronger stimulus can trigger more neurons to fire, and to fire more often but it does not affect the action potential strength/speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Synapses

A

A gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dentrite/cell body of the receiving neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other throughout the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Reuptake

A

essential for synaptic functioning, It allows neurotransmitters to be reused and helps regulate neurotransmitter levels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Agonist

A

Drugs that increase the action potential of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The Nervous System
network of neurons that send information throughout the body, the body's speed, electrochemical communication system
26
peripheral nervous system [PNS]
sensory and motor neurons that connect the [CNS] to the rest of the body
27
central nervous system [CNS]
consists of the brain and the spinal cord
28
nerves
enclosed cable like bundle of axons in the PNS, they connect muscles, glands and sense organs to the CNS
29
somatic nervous system [SNS]
the division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles
30
autonomic nervous system [ANS]
part of the PNS that involuntarily and automatically controls the blood vessels, organs, glands and involuntary muscles
31
sympathetic nervous system [SNS]
division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations [fight or flight]
32
parasympathetic nervous system
division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving its energy [rest and digest]
33
CNS
makes decisions for the body and spinal cord has interneurons that can take action independent of the brain
34
spinal reflexes
simple pathways in the nervous system that rapidly generate muscle contractions
35
hindbrain
regulates functions fundamental to life such as sleep and respiration and consists of the Cerebellum, Medulla and the pons
36
midbrain
important for orientation and movement
37
forebrain
highest level of brain; critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions
38
medulla
controls the most basic functions such as heartbeat and breathing
39
reticular formation
nerve network that regulates sleep and alertness [arousal]
40
cerebellum [little brain]
helps coordinate voluntary fine movements and balance
41
thalamus
'sensory switchboard' or 'router' of the brain
42
limbic system
group of forebrain structures involved in motivation, learning and memory [Hip,Amg,Hyp]
43
hippocampus
neural centre in the limbic system that plays an important role in the formation of long term explicit memories
44
amygdala
plays an important role in emotional processing and memories and linked with fear and anger
45
hypothalamus
maintenance activities like eating, drinking, body temperature and its involved in the control of emotions
46
the endocrine system
sends molecules (hormones) as messages, just like the nervous system, but sends them through the bloodstream instead of across synapses
47
the pituitary gland
produces hormones that regulate other glands such as thyroid and adrenal glands
48
adrenal glands
produce hormones, the fight or flight NS responds to stress by sending a message to the adrenal glands to release hormones
49
the cerebral cortex
outer grey ''bark'' structure wrinkled in order to create more surface area
50
the four lobes
Frontal lobe [FT], Partiel lobe [BT], temporal lobe [FB], occipital lobe [BB]
51
sensory motor cortex
controls voluntary movements
52
primary visual cortex
involved in visual processing
53
auditory cortex
involved in hearing processing
54
frontal lobe
executive functions such as judgment, planning, and inhibition of impulses
55
Broca's area
language production area
56
Wernicke's area
Language comprehension area
57
plasticity
brains ability to modify itself after new experiences and some types of injury or illness
58
neuropsychology
examining the effects of brain damage on mental abilities
59
MRI
uses magnetic fields to produce images of the brain tissue, checks to see brain changes due to disease, injury or drug use
60
functional MRI
tracks the changes in levels of oxygen in blood to determine which brain areas are active
61
EEG
recording of electrical activity, produced by neurons, by electrodes placed on the scalp
62
TMS
provides ability to infer causal links between certain brain activity and cognitive behaviour
63
Left Hemisphere
thoughts and logic, words and definitions, linear and literal, sees in pieces and details
64
Right Hemisphere
feelings and intuition, tone inflection and contex, sees in wholes

Intro To Psych I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions