Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intro To Psych I > Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Evolution Of A Science Flashcards

1
Q

Old Psychology

A

The study of the mind

Example: Sigmund Freud was a pioneer in the field of old psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Philosophers

A

Argued psychology for thousands of years and used informal observation instead of scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ancient Philosophers needed answers to:

A
  • where does the content of mind come from?
  • why do people have different levels of intelligence?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Philosophical Nativism

A

Philosophical view that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Philosophical Empiricism

A

Philosophical view that all knowledge are acquired through experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plato

A

Was a nativist that believed people are born with some knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aristotle

A

Believed that the mind is like a blank page that can be filled with experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nature

A
  • our genetics determines our behaviour
  • our personality traits and ability are in our nature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nurture

A
  • our environment, upbringing and life experiences determine our behaviour
  • we are “nurtured” to behave a certain way
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The Mind-Brain

A

Many religions and philosophical approaches believe that the mind is separate from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dualism

A

The belief that the mind arises from non physical process or the mind/body are not identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If dualism was true how can changes in our body affect the mind?

A
  • consuming alcohol affects thinking/emotions
  • damage to the brain affects many aspects of the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pierre Broca

A

Found that the damage to the left front brain eliminates the ability to speak (turn thoughts to speech)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Wihlem Wundt

A

Psychologist that conducted some of the earliest experiments at Leipzig, Germany in 1879

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Birth of Psychology

A

1879

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wundt experiment

A

Used both objective measures like reaction time and introspection to study mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reaction time

A

The time it took to respond to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Inspection

A

The subjective observation and report of one’s own conscious experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Defining early psychology

A

the goal of psychology is:
- to study and understand consciousness
- a person’s subjective experience of the world
- their private inner experience of perception, thought and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

1920’s Psychology

A

“The science of mental life” AKA consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Titchener

A
  • Found structuralism movement of “school”
  • relied on introspection to study conscious experience
  • aimed to discover “the element of mind”
22
Q

Structuralism

A

attempted to break down the adult’s mind (experiences from birth to present) into most basic parts

23
Q

William James

A

American philosopher who had large impact to early psychology
- adopted a functionalist approach to studying the mind inspired by Darwin theory and

24
Q

Functionalism

A
  • the mind’s main job is to help people fit in with their surroundings
  • focuses on how the brain works as a whole to meet realistic goals instead of looking at each parts individually.
25
Charles Darwin theory of Evolution
development of adaptive traits that allow organisms to survive in their environment
26
Sigmund Freud
Physician that developed psychoanalysis
27
Psychoanalysis
by bringing the unconscious into waking awareness, people can undergo emotions and remain understanding of their mental state.
28
Unconscious
Parts of the mind that works outside of awareness but influences conscious thoughts, feelings and actions
29
Hysteria
people experiencing physical symptoms (motor loss) that have a psychological cause (emotional upsetting)
30
Psychoanalytic Theory
treating mental disorders by having the patient talk freely about themselves about dreams, problems and experiences.
31
Problems with early psychology
- psychologists were directly trying to investigate mental processes - Mental processes can’t be directly observed so they used introspection - but introspection is not a reliable scientific technique; results can change every time an experiment is conducted
32
John Watson
unsatisfied with the limitation of introspection and poorly defined mental concepts used by psychologists, he proposed a new approach; Behaviourism
33
Behaviourism
The scientific approach to only study observable behaviour since mental processes can’t be directly observed
34
Marslow and Rogers
- Psychology could improve people’s lives - rejected both Freud’s view of human nature and behaviourism
35
Humanism
Focused on positive aspects of human nature and how an appropriate environment could help people
36
Cognitive Revolution
Cognitive psychology that helped bring an end to behaviourism by demonstrating that objective techniques can be used to study internal mental processes that can’t be directly observed
37
In order to understand complex behaviours we must:
- measure observable behaviour -make conclusions about basic mind processes - conclusions are then confirmed by producing testable hypotheses.
38
Neuroscience and Psychology
Psychology and neuroscience have maintained separate identities as independent disciplines until cognitive neuroscience
39
Cognitive Neuroscience
Studies the relationship between cognitive processes and brain functions
40
Modern Psychology
The study of behaviour and mental processes
41
Mary Calkins
Became the American Psychological Associations (APA) first female president in 1905
42
Cognitive Psychology
The study of mental processes like perception, thought, memory and reasoning
43
Behaviour Neuroscience
The study of the relationship between the brain and behaviour
44
Development Psychology
The study of how people develop over the course of their lives
45
Personality Psychology
Study of individuals’ styles of behaviour, thinking and feeling
46
Social Psychology
Study of how thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by other people
47
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of how the human mind has been shaped by natural selection
48
Cultural Psychology
The study of how culture influences mental life
49
Absolutism
Culture makes little difference on psychology
50
Relativism
the belief that there is no absolute truth, except the truths that an individual or culture happens to believe.
51
Clinical Psychology
Studies, assess and treats troubled people with psychotherapy (PhD)
52
Psychiatrists
Medical professionals who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically unhealthy patients (M.D.)

Intro To Psych I (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions