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Psych 102 > Chapter 5 - Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

our subjective experience of the world, our own bodies, and our mental perspectives

awareness

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2
Q

attention

A

ability to select relevant information and ignore irrelevant information

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3
Q

contents of working memory

A

what is in your mind right now; ability to manipulate information

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4
Q

what level of consciousness is sleep?

A

minimal

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5
Q

what is full consciousness?

A

aware of environment, internal states, and sensory experiences

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6
Q

what is working memory?

A

a cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information.

It is essential for tasks that require active information processing, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and language comprehension.

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7
Q

what did sleep use to be thought of?

A

as a state where we turn off completely.

this is not true as we can be aroused in our sleep

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8
Q

what is sleep important for?

A

health and daily functioning

related to maintaining health, memory, learning, and the immune system

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9
Q

how much of our life do we spend sleeping?

A

1/3 of our lives

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10
Q

what are the levels of consciousness that involve changing levels of brain activity?

A

awake - low voltage - irregular, fast

drowsy - 8 to 12 cps - alpha waves

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11
Q

circadian rhythm

A

cyclical changes that occur on a roughly 24-hour basis in many biological processes

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12
Q

what is the sleep cycle governed by?

A

circadian rhythm

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13
Q

what influences melatonin production?

A

exposure to light

when we look at the phone before bed, we are exposing the suprachiasmatic nucleus which makes our body more alert as it is telling our body that it is daytime.

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14
Q

what is the biological clock?

A

term for the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that controls levels of alertness

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15
Q

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

A

(SCN) is a small, paired structure in the hypothalamus of the brain that serves as the body’s master biological clock. It regulates the circadian rhythms of many physiological processes, including sleep-wake cycles, hormone secretion, and core body temperature.

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16
Q

what is the biological clock sensitive to?

A

nature’s day/night cycles

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17
Q

what are all creatures affected by?

A

biological clock

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18
Q

what are brain wave patterns measured by?

A

EEG

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19
Q

what do humans repeatedly pass through?

A

five stages of sleep

20
Q

stage 1 sleep

A

Light stage of sleep
Lasts 5-10 minutes
Move from Alpha waves (relaxed) to Theta waves
Flitting images and sudden jerky movements may occur

21
Q

stage 2 sleep

A

broken up by sleep spindles and k complexes

spindles: short, intense bursts of electrical activity

K Complexes: sharp rise and fall in wave amplitude

22
Q

sleep spindle

A

a brief burst of brain activity that occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

It’s characterized by distinctive waves on an electroencephalogram (EEG)

they are thought to play a role in memory consolidation and sleep maintenance.

23
Q

k complex

A

high-amplitude brain wave that occurs during stage 2 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.

It’s typically triggered by external or internal stimuli and is thought to play a role in protecting sleep by suppressing arousal from irrelevant stimuli.

engaging in processes of deeper sleep

24
Q

stage 3 & 4 sleep

A

Deep sleep

Delta waves are more prevalent

Necessary for feeling fully rested

Downregulate blood flow, heart rate, and blood pressure

25
Q

Stage 5: REM sleep

A

Rapid eye movements (REM)

Increase in heart rate, breathing

Dreams are most prevalent

Sleep paralysis

26
Q

what stage of sleep is prevalent 50 % of the time?

A

3 & 4

27
Q

what is sleep paralysis?

A

temporary inability to move or speak that occurs when a person is waking up or falling asleep. It is usually accompanied by vivid hallucinations and is caused by the body’s normal paralysis during REM sleep persisting into wakefulness.

28
Q

what stage occupies 20 -25% of our sleep?

A

REM

29
Q

what is REM behavior disorder?

A

REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder in which a person acts out their dreams during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage of sleep. It is characterized by a lack of muscle atonia, which normally occurs during REM sleep, and can result in potentially dangerous behaviors such as kicking, punching, or running.

30
Q

patterns for the sleep stage

A

Awake - beta waves

calm wakefulness - alpha waves

stage 1 - theta waves

stage 2 - sleep spindles and k complexes

stage 3 & 4 - delta waves

REM sleep

31
Q

what is sleep good for?

A

restorative process

32
Q

sleep and physical health

A

tissue regeneration; hormones release; immune functions

33
Q

sleep and mental health

A

Irritability; stress, anxiety, and even depression can be affected by a lack of sleep

34
Q

sleep and learning

A

memory consolidation; emotional memories; trouble focusing if sleep deprived

35
Q

sleep and problem solving

A

creative problem solving

Sleep is essential for problem-solving because it helps consolidate and integrate new information and memories, allowing the brain to make new connections and associations that can enhance problem-solving abilities.

36
Q

sleep and evolution and survival

A

conserve energy; avoid night

helps to deal with threats throughout the day

37
Q

how was sleep originally thought to aid memory?

A

by reducing incoming stimuli

38
Q

what is sleep now viewed as?

A

active in consolidating memory

39
Q

consolidation

A

the process of making memories more permanent

40
Q

what was the idea back in the day regarding consolidation?

A

that new information would alter your memory.
Sleep can give us a break from that.

Now viewed as an active process of consolidation (the process of making memories more permanent)

Can make inferences (conclusions reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning) that memory is consolidating new information

41
Q

how much sleep do most people need?

A

7 to 10 hours of sleep
Varies by age

42
Q

how much sleep do newborns need?

A

16 hours per day

43
Q

how much sleep do children need? (10 +) & teens

A

10 hours per day; 8.5-9 hours per day

44
Q

how much sleep do university students need?

A

up to 9 hours

45
Q

how much sleep do adults need?

A

7 - 9 hours per day

46
Q

what is DEC2 gene mutation?

A

Some people need as few as 4 to 6 hours per day

Psych 102 (10 decks)

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