chapter 5: communication Flashcards
define:
interpersonal gap
senders intentions differ from what the reciever understands
more likely to happen in close relationships
list
functions of nonverbal communication
5 points
- provides information
- regulating interactions
- defining nature of relationship
- interpersonal influence
- impression management
define:
display rules
cultural norms that dictate what emotions are appropriate in particular situations
define:
intesify emotions
exaggerating emotions to appear to be experiencing stronger feelings
define:
minimize emotions
trying to look less emotional
define:
neutralize emotions
try to withhold true feelings
define:
masking emotions
replace real emotions with different apparent emotions
define:
visual prominance ratio
compares look-speak (% of time speaker gazes at listener) to speak-look (% of time listener looks at speaker)
Answer
what type of bodily positions do high status people tend to adopt
asymmetrical postures that tend to take up space
define:
oculesics
gazing behavior
Answer:
what is the ratio of speaker eye contact to listener eye contact in normal interactions
40/60
answer:
what is the eye contact ratio of speaker to listener in unequal power interactions
60/40
define:
kinesics
body movement
list
characterstics of nonverbal communication
6 points
- phylogentically primary (lots of species communicate)
- ontogeneticlly primary (before humans speak they use nvc)
- continuous
- multichanneled
- given weight over verbal information
- has both biological and cultural influences
define:
leakage
when people try to control their expressions, the truth of how they are feeling might leak out of one or more channel
list
channels of nonverbal communication
5 points
- facial expressions
- oculesics
- kinesics
- haptics
- proxemics
define
haptics
touch
define:
proxemics
interpersonal distance
define
intimate zone
front of chest to about 1.5 ft
define
personal zone:
distance
1.5 ft - 4ft
friends closer than aquaintances
define
social zone
distance
4-12 ft
across desk?
define
public zone
distance
beyond 12 ft
lecture hall
list
benefits of touch
- kissing can reduce cholesterol
- touch can reduce cortisol
- more hugs you get less likely to get a cold (or so they say?)
define:
paralanguage
variations in a persons speech other than words
rhythm, pitch, loudness, rate
true or false
women are typically better at encoding and decoding body language when no deception occurs
true
true or false
in unhappy marriages wives were better at understanding the body language of strangers better than their husbands; husbands were better at understanding wife’s body language than strangers.
false; both husband and wife understood strangers body language better than eachothers.
define:
self disclosure
process of revealing personal information
define
social penetration theory
relationships develop through systematic changes in communication
list
aspects of communication change
- breadth
- depth
define
breadth
social penetration theory
variety of topics talked about
define:
depth
social penetration theory
personal signifigance of topics
list
3 components of the interpersonal process model of intimacy
- partners engage in meaningful self disclosure
- partners respond to eachothers personal info w interest
- each partner recognizes the other is being responsive
list
reasons for self disclosure
- we reveal more to those we like
- we like others bc we have self disclosed
- it is rewarding to be entrusted w self disclosures from others
list
health benefits for self disclosure
- better long term health
- better stress response
- lower cholseterol, heart rates and blood pressure
List
a difference between topic of conversation for men and women
- men talk about impersonal matters
- women talk about feelings and close relationships/ other personal aspects
list
characteristics of womens style of conversation
- more indirect/ seem less certain
- speak up more often
- have fewer monologues
list
characteristics of men’s style of conversation
- more forceful
- speak up less often
- command the floor for longer when they do speak
list
characteristics of womens self disclosure
- self disclose more
- elicit more self-disclosure
- interactions that include a woman tend to be more intimate and meaningful
list
characteristics of mens self disclosure
- self disclose less, especially to other men
- men depend more on women for emotional warmth/intimacy than women do in return
define:
kitchen sinking
addressing several problems at once
define:
drifting off beam
wandering from topic to topic so the conversation neber stays on one problem long enough to resolve it
define:
mindreading
dysfunctional listening
people assume that they understand their partners thoughts w/o asking
define:
yes-butting
finding something unworkable w everything the partner says
define:
cross-complaining
responding to a complaint w one of their own
define:
negative affect reciprocity
when a person starts responding in a negative way the other person is likely to respond negatively
list
the four horsemen of the apocolypse (divorce)
- criticism
- contempt
- defensiveness
- stonewalling
define
behavior description
identify as plainly and concretely as possible a specific behavior that annoyed us
define:
I statements
statements that start with I and describe a distinct emotional reaction
define
XYZ statements
when you do x in situation y it makes me feel z
define
perception checking
assessing the accuracy of your inferences about a partners feelings by asking the partner for clarification
