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relationship psychology > chapter 5: communication > Flashcards

chapter 5: communication Flashcards

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1
Q

define:

interpersonal gap

A

senders intentions differ from what the reciever understands

more likely to happen in close relationships

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2
Q

list

functions of nonverbal communication

5 points

A
  • provides information
  • regulating interactions
  • defining nature of relationship
  • interpersonal influence
  • impression management
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3
Q

define:

display rules

A

cultural norms that dictate what emotions are appropriate in particular situations

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4
Q

define:

intesify emotions

A

exaggerating emotions to appear to be experiencing stronger feelings

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5
Q

define:

minimize emotions

A

trying to look less emotional

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6
Q

define:

neutralize emotions

A

try to withhold true feelings

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7
Q

define:

masking emotions

A

replace real emotions with different apparent emotions

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8
Q

define:

visual prominance ratio

A

compares look-speak (% of time speaker gazes at listener) to speak-look (% of time listener looks at speaker)

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9
Q

Answer

what type of bodily positions do high status people tend to adopt

A

asymmetrical postures that tend to take up space

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10
Q

define:

oculesics

A

gazing behavior

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11
Q

Answer:

what is the ratio of speaker eye contact to listener eye contact in normal interactions

A

40/60

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12
Q

answer:

what is the eye contact ratio of speaker to listener in unequal power interactions

A

60/40

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13
Q

define:

kinesics

A

body movement

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14
Q

list

characterstics of nonverbal communication

6 points

A
  • phylogentically primary (lots of species communicate)
  • ontogeneticlly primary (before humans speak they use nvc)
  • continuous
  • multichanneled
  • given weight over verbal information
  • has both biological and cultural influences
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15
Q

define:

leakage

A

when people try to control their expressions, the truth of how they are feeling might leak out of one or more channel

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16
Q

list

channels of nonverbal communication

5 points

A
  • facial expressions
  • oculesics
  • kinesics
  • haptics
  • proxemics
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17
Q

define

haptics

A

touch

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18
Q

define:

proxemics

A

interpersonal distance

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19
Q

define

intimate zone

A

front of chest to about 1.5 ft

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20
Q

define

personal zone:

distance

A

1.5 ft - 4ft

friends closer than aquaintances

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21
Q

define

social zone

distance

A

4-12 ft

across desk?

22
Q

define

public zone

distance

A

beyond 12 ft

lecture hall

23
Q

list

benefits of touch

A
  • kissing can reduce cholesterol
  • touch can reduce cortisol
  • more hugs you get less likely to get a cold (or so they say?)
24
Q

define:

paralanguage

A

variations in a persons speech other than words

rhythm, pitch, loudness, rate

25
Q

true or false

women are typically better at encoding and decoding body language when no deception occurs

A

true

26
Q

true or false

in unhappy marriages wives were better at understanding the body language of strangers better than their husbands; husbands were better at understanding wife’s body language than strangers.

A

false; both husband and wife understood strangers body language better than eachothers.

27
Q

define:

self disclosure

A

process of revealing personal information

28
Q

define

social penetration theory

A

relationships develop through systematic changes in communication

29
Q

list

aspects of communication change

A
  • breadth
  • depth
30
Q

define

breadth

social penetration theory

A

variety of topics talked about

31
Q

define:

depth

social penetration theory

A

personal signifigance of topics

32
Q

list

3 components of the interpersonal process model of intimacy

A
  • partners engage in meaningful self disclosure
  • partners respond to eachothers personal info w interest
  • each partner recognizes the other is being responsive
33
Q

list

reasons for self disclosure

A
  • we reveal more to those we like
  • we like others bc we have self disclosed
  • it is rewarding to be entrusted w self disclosures from others
34
Q

list

health benefits for self disclosure

A
  • better long term health
  • better stress response
  • lower cholseterol, heart rates and blood pressure
35
Q

List

a difference between topic of conversation for men and women

A
  • men talk about impersonal matters
  • women talk about feelings and close relationships/ other personal aspects
36
Q

list

characteristics of womens style of conversation

A
  • more indirect/ seem less certain
  • speak up more often
  • have fewer monologues
37
Q

list

characteristics of men’s style of conversation

A
  • more forceful
  • speak up less often
  • command the floor for longer when they do speak
38
Q

list

characteristics of womens self disclosure

A
  • self disclose more
  • elicit more self-disclosure
  • interactions that include a woman tend to be more intimate and meaningful
39
Q

list

characteristics of mens self disclosure

A
  • self disclose less, especially to other men
  • men depend more on women for emotional warmth/intimacy than women do in return
40
Q

define:

kitchen sinking

A

addressing several problems at once

41
Q

define:

drifting off beam

A

wandering from topic to topic so the conversation neber stays on one problem long enough to resolve it

42
Q

define:

mindreading

dysfunctional listening

A

people assume that they understand their partners thoughts w/o asking

43
Q

define:

yes-butting

A

finding something unworkable w everything the partner says

44
Q

define:

cross-complaining

A

responding to a complaint w one of their own

45
Q

define:

negative affect reciprocity

A

when a person starts responding in a negative way the other person is likely to respond negatively

46
Q

list

the four horsemen of the apocolypse (divorce)

A
  • criticism
  • contempt
  • defensiveness
  • stonewalling
47
Q

define

behavior description

A

identify as plainly and concretely as possible a specific behavior that annoyed us

48
Q

define:

I statements

A

statements that start with I and describe a distinct emotional reaction

49
Q

define

XYZ statements

A

when you do x in situation y it makes me feel z

50
Q

define

perception checking

A

assessing the accuracy of your inferences about a partners feelings by asking the partner for clarification

relationship psychology (7 decks)

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