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Lab Man > Chapter 5: Clinical Laboratory Automation > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Clinical Laboratory Automation Flashcards

1
Q

The process by which an instrument automatically performs tasks

A

Automation

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2
Q

Automation reduces…

A

Errors and costs

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3
Q

What performs a subset of tests from the master profile

A

Variable profle analyzer

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4
Q

What performs a signle test on a large number of samples?

A

Batch analyzer

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5
Q

What selects samples and reagents regardless of placement on analyzer?

A

Random access analyzer

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6
Q

Characteristics of a random access analyzer

A
  • single analytic pathway
  • tests are not batched
  • flexible configuration
  • performs tests diescretely
  • throughput is based on number of tests run per hour
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7
Q

What stage begins with delivery of samples from location?

A

Pre-analytic stage

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8
Q

One of the earliest atomated transport systems that transport 4-6 inch diameter high-impact carriers

A

Pneumatic tube

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9
Q

these can transport more specimens than pneumatic tubes

A

Electrical track vehicles

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10
Q

They deliver samples directly to the workstation

A

Mobile robots

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11
Q

They are designed to transport specimes horizontally and vertically

A

Conveyors or track systems

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12
Q

This minimizes non-value-addes steps in the laboratory process

A

Automated specimen processing

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13
Q

Common specimen handling steps

A
  • Primary tube identification
  • LIS receiving sorting
  • centrifuging
  • decapping
  • secondary tube labeling
  • volume checks
  • destination sorting into analyzer racks
  • recapping
  • sample storage and retieval
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14
Q

These selectively target a group of pre-analytic or post-analytic steps

A

Standalone units

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15
Q

Here, samples are scanned and placed in numbered positions in numbered racks

A

Post-analytic processing

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16
Q

Automated specimen inspection can address two of the most significant pre-analytic concerns:

A
  • Sample Identification Error

- Sample integrity issues

17
Q

This device can change how lab samples are tracked from collection to final disposition

A

Radio Frequency Identification Device(RFID)

18
Q

Advantages of RFID

A
  • no line of sight reading
  • dynamic data storage
  • not affected by cold storage
19
Q

What is central to the operation of the clinical laboratory sampling

A

Automated analyzer

20
Q

Analyzer uses a blade to slit the stopper, and the sample probe pierces the stopper to withdraw an aliquot of the sample

A

Cap piercing technology

21
Q

Stores master lot or master calibration

A

Bar-coded reagent label

22
Q

Can accommodate third-party reagents

A

Open reagent system

23
Q

Can only use instrument manufacturer’s reagent

A

Closed reagent system

24
Q

Mixing techniques

A
  • magnetic stirring
  • rotating paddles
  • forceful dispensing
  • ultrasonic energy
  • vigorous lateral displacement
25
Q

Measured by absorption of reflectance spectroscopy

A

General Chemistry Assays

26
Q

measured by ion-selective electrodes

A

Electrolytes

27
Q

May be based ib chemiluminescence and ths require a luminometer

A

Immunoassays

28
Q

Can transorm non-linear input signals into linear calibration plots, thereby enabling non-linear assays to be automated

A

Data processing

29
Q

-alloes vendors to continuously analyze instrument sub-system and identify components

A

Real-time monitoring

30
Q

This is the most-basic unit of automation

A

Workstation

31
Q

Integrated groups of analyzers

A

Workcell

32
Q

Types of work cell

A
  • Physical workcell

- virtual workcell

33
Q

Multipple analyzers are coupled to a specimen

A

Total laboratory automation

34
Q

Common specimen handling steps

A
  • Calculate number of aliquots and volume needed for each workstation
  • route samples to analyzers in most optimal way
  • recap sample
  • auto retrieval of samples for reflex or repeat testing
  • auto verification of results
35
Q

Benefits of Total Lab Automation

A
  • decrease in pre-analytic errors
  • shorter turnaround times
  • reduction in full-time equivalents necessary to process a given test volume
36
Q

Challenges of Total Lab Automation

A
  • financial investment
  • increased floor space
  • need for highly technical personnel to operate and troubleshoot system
37
Q

Use various technologies to count and classify red cells, white cells, and platelets, and to identify abnormalities

A

Hematology Analyzer

38
Q

Key prerequisite to developing a performance optimization strategy - understanding of lab workflow and role of tech

A

Planning for Lab Automation

39
Q

Outlines laboratory strategies, service needs, and goals

A

Request for Proposal(RFP)

Lab Man (9 decks)

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