Chapter 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

Civil Rights

Answer 1

The rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law, as provided by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution

Question 2

Equal Protection Clause

Answer 2

Section 1 of the 14th Amendment which states shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”

Question 3

Fundamental Right

Answer 3

A basic right of all Americans, such as 1st Amendment rights

Question 4

Strict Scrutiny Standard

Answer 4

A standard under which a law or action must be narrowly tailored to meet that interest

Question 5

Suspect Classification

Answer 5

A classification such as race, that provides the basis for a discriminatory law

Question 6

Separate-but-Equal Doctrine

Answer 6

A Supreme Court doctrine holding that the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment did not forbid racial segregation as long as the facilities for blacks were equal to those for whites

Question 7

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Answer 7

The Court unanimously held that segregation by race in public education is uncostitutional

Question 8

Rational Basis Test

Answer 8

A test (Ordinary Scrutiny Standard) used by the Supreme Court to decided whether a discriminatory law violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution

Question 9

De Jure Segregation

Answer 9

Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or decision by government agencies

Question 10

De Facto Segregation

Answer 10

Racial segregation that occurs not as a result of government actions but because of social and economic conditions and residential patterns

Question 11

Busing

Answer 11

The transportation of public school students by bus to schools physically outside their neighborhood to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns

Question 12

Civil Rights Movement

Answer 12

The movement in the 1950s and 1960s, by minorities and concerned whites, to end racial segregation

Question 13

Civil Disobedience

Answer 13

The deliberate and public act of refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust

Question 14

Sit-In

Answer 14

A tactic of nonviolent civil disobedience

Question 15

The Civil Right Act of 1964

Answer 15

It forbade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national orgin

Question 16

Suffrage

Answer 16

The rights to vote; the franchise

Question 17

Feminism

Answer 17

A doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women

Question 18

Glass Ceiling

Answer 18

An invisible but real discriminatory barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising to top position of power or position

Question 19

Sexual Harassment

Answer 19

Unwanted physical contact, verbal conduct, or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient’s job performance, creates a hostile environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of a adverse employment consequences

Question 20

Affirmative Action

Answer 20

A policy that gives special consideration, in jobs and college admission, to members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past

Question 21

Reverse Discrimination

Answer 21

Discrimination against those who have no minority status

Question 22

Quota System

Answer 22

A policy under which a specific number of jobs, promotions, or other types of placements, such as university admission, are given to a members of selected groups