Chapter 5: Civil Rights Flashcards
Civil Rights
The rights of all Americans to equal treatment under the law, as provided by the 14th Amendment to the Constitution
Equal Protection Clause
Section 1 of the 14th Amendment which states shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws”
Fundamental Right
A basic right of all Americans, such as 1st Amendment rights
Strict Scrutiny Standard
A standard under which a law or action must be narrowly tailored to meet that interest
Suspect Classification
A classification such as race, that provides the basis for a discriminatory law
Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
A Supreme Court doctrine holding that the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment did not forbid racial segregation as long as the facilities for blacks were equal to those for whites
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
The Court unanimously held that segregation by race in public education is uncostitutional
Rational Basis Test
A test (Ordinary Scrutiny Standard) used by the Supreme Court to decided whether a discriminatory law violates the equal protection clause of the Constitution
De Jure Segregation
Racial segregation that occurs because of laws or decision by government agencies
De Facto Segregation
Racial segregation that occurs not as a result of government actions but because of social and economic conditions and residential patterns
Busing
The transportation of public school students by bus to schools physically outside their neighborhood to eliminate school segregation based on residential patterns
Civil Rights Movement
The movement in the 1950s and 1960s, by minorities and concerned whites, to end racial segregation
Civil Disobedience
The deliberate and public act of refusing to obey laws thought to be unjust
Sit-In
A tactic of nonviolent civil disobedience
The Civil Right Act of 1964
It forbade discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, and national orgin
Suffrage
The rights to vote; the franchise
Feminism
A doctrine advocating full political, economic, and social equality for women
Glass Ceiling
An invisible but real discriminatory barrier that prevents women and minorities from rising to top position of power or position
Sexual Harassment
Unwanted physical contact, verbal conduct, or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient’s job performance, creates a hostile environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of a adverse employment consequences
Affirmative Action
A policy that gives special consideration, in jobs and college admission, to members of groups that have been discriminated against in the past
Reverse Discrimination
Discrimination against those who have no minority status
Quota System
A policy under which a specific number of jobs, promotions, or other types of placements, such as university admission, are given to a members of selected groups