Chapter 4: Civil Liberties

Question 1

Civil Liberty

Answer 1

Individual Rights protected by the Constitution against the power of the government

Question 2

Writ Of Habeas Corpus

Answer 2

An order that requires an official to bring a specified prisoner into court and explain to the judge why the person is being held in jail

Question 3

Bill Of Attainder

Answer 3

A legislative act that inflicts punishment on particular persons or groups without granting them the right to a trial

Question 4

Ex Post Facto Law

Answer 4

A criminal law that punishes individuals for committing an act that was legal when the act was committed

Question 5

Due Process Clause

Answer 5

The constitution guarantee, set out in the 5th and 14th Amendment, that the government will not illegally or arbitrarily deprive a person of life, liberty, and prooerty

Question 6

Due Process Of Law

Answer 6

The requirement that the government use fair, reasonable, and standard procedures whenever it takes any legal action against an individual; required by the 5th and 14th Amendments

Question 7

Establishment Clause

Answer 7

The section of the 1st Amendment that prohibits Congress from passing law’s “respecting an establishment of religion”

Question 8

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 8

The provision of the 1st Amendment stating that the government cannot pass laws “prohibiting the free exercise of religion”

Question 9

Lemon Test

Answer 9

A three-part test enunciated by the Supreme Court in the 1971 case of Lemon v. Kurtzman to determine whether government aid to parochial school is constitutional

Question 10

School Voucher

Answer 10

An educational certificate, provided by a government, that allows a student to use public funds to pay for a private or a public school chosen by the student or his or her parents

Question 11

Symbolic Speech

Answer 11

The expression of beliefs, opinions, or ideas through forms other than verbal speech or print; speech involving actions and other nonverbal expression

Question 12

Sedition Speech

Answer 12

Speech that urges resistance to lawful authority or that advocates the overthrow of a government qI

Question 13

Imminent Lawless Action Test

Answer 13

The current Supreme Court doctrine for assessing the constitutionality of subversive speech

Question 14

Commercial Speech

Answer 14

Advertising statements that describe products

Question 15

Libel

Answer 15

A published report of a falsehood that tends to injure a person’s reputation or character

Question 16

Slander

Answer 16

The public utterance (speaking) of a statement that holds a person up for contempt, ridicule, or hatred

Question 17

Obscenity

Answer 17

Indecency or offensive in speech, expression, behavior, or apperance

Question 18

California v. Miller (1973)

Answer 18

Supreme Court made a three-part test to know if someone is being obscenity

Question 19

Prior Restraint/ Press Censorship

Answer 19

With respect to freedom of the press involves censorship

Question 20

Free Assembly

Answer 20

Can be limited in time, place, and manner

Question 21

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Answer 21

The Supreme Court Legalized abortion under the right to privacy in the constitution

Question 22

Probable Couse

Answer 22

Cause for believing that there is a substantial likelihood that a person has committed or is about to commit a crime

Question 23

Double Jeopardy

Answer 23

The prosecution of a person twice for the same criminal offense; prohibited by the 5th Amendment in all but a few circumstances

Question 24

Self-Incrimination

Answer 24

Providing damaging information or testimony against oneself in court

Question 25

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 25

A criminal procedural rule that illegally obtained evidence is not admissible in court

Question 26

Miranda Warnings

Answer 26

A series of statements informing criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their constitutional rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to counsel