chapter 5 : Categorial logic /statements Flashcards
what are cateogorial arguments /
arguments whose validity depends centrally on the relationship among classes sets or categories
what is a cateogorical statement ?
is a statement that relates two classes or categories . A class is a collection or set of things .
what are the 4 different strandard forms of categorical statements ?
a, e, I , o
what is the standard form of a categorical statement order ?
- quantifier
- subject term
- copula ( are /are not )
- predicate term ( a word or phrase that names a class or category
what must a term do?
a term must denote a class or category , as such , a term is noun or nunlike expression. A term cannot be a single word.
what are the two types of quality categorical statements ?
affirmative or negative
what is an affirmative categorical statement ?
if a statement affirms that one class is wholly or partially included in another class .
what is a negative categorical statement ?
if a statement denies that one class is wholly or partially included in another
what are the two types of quantity categorical statements ?
universal or particular
what are universal quantity categorical statements ?
refer to all members of the class denotes by the subject term
what is a particular quantity categorical statement ?
refers to only some members of the class denoted by the subject term .
what is an (a) statement ?
is a universal affirmative statement .
what is an (e) statement ?
is a universal negative statement .
what is an ( I ) statement ?
is a particular affirmative statement .
what is an (o) statement ?
is a particular negative statement ,