chapter 5 : Categorial logic /statements Flashcards

1
Q

what are cateogorial arguments /

A

arguments whose validity depends centrally on the relationship among classes sets or categories

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2
Q

what is a cateogorical statement ?

A

is a statement that relates two classes or categories . A class is a collection or set of things .

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3
Q

what are the 4 different strandard forms of categorical statements ?

A

a, e, I , o

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4
Q

what is the standard form of a categorical statement order ?

A
  1. quantifier
  2. subject term
  3. copula ( are /are not )
  4. predicate term ( a word or phrase that names a class or category
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5
Q

what must a term do?

A

a term must denote a class or category , as such , a term is noun or nunlike expression. A term cannot be a single word.

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6
Q

what are the two types of quality categorical statements ?

A

affirmative or negative

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7
Q

what is an affirmative categorical statement ?

A

if a statement affirms that one class is wholly or partially included in another class .

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8
Q

what is a negative categorical statement ?

A

if a statement denies that one class is wholly or partially included in another

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9
Q

what are the two types of quantity categorical statements ?

A

universal or particular

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10
Q

what are universal quantity categorical statements ?

A

refer to all members of the class denotes by the subject term

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11
Q

what is a particular quantity categorical statement ?

A

refers to only some members of the class denoted by the subject term .

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12
Q

what is an (a) statement ?

A

is a universal affirmative statement .

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13
Q

what is an (e) statement ?

A

is a universal negative statement .

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14
Q

what is an ( I ) statement ?

A

is a particular affirmative statement .

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15
Q

what is an (o) statement ?

A

is a particular negative statement ,

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16
Q

what do you do when a statement fails to be in standard form simply because its predicate is an adjective ?

A

add an appropriate noun

17
Q

what do you do when the elements of a standard form statement are all present but not in the right order ?

A

rearrange the elements

18
Q

what do you do when a statement contains a verb other than “are”?

A

add”are” and shift the original verb into the predicate

19
Q

what is a stylist variant ?

A

of a categorical statement is just another way of saying the same thing .