4.1 fallacies of irrelevance Flashcards
argument against the person ( ad hominem fallacy )
involves attacking the person who advances an argument os asserts a statement as opposed to providing a rational critique of the argument or statement itself
abusive ad hominem
this fallacy involves a direct personal attack
circumstantial ad hominem
because it involves an attempt to discredit argument or view by calling attention to the circumstances or situation of this who advance it
tu quoique
changes the opponent with hypocrisy or inconsistency
straw man fallacy
occurs when the arguer attacks a misrepresentation of the opponents view
the straw man fallacy
premises : a misrepresnsentation of the view is false
conclusion : the view itself is false
empiricism
the thesis that all knowledge of maters of fact is based on experience
appeal to force ( ad baculum fallacy )
occurs when a conclusion is defended by a threat tot the well being of those ho do not accept it
appeal to the people ( ad popular fallacy )
is an attempt to persuade a person or a group by appealing to the desire to be accepted or valued by others
what are the premises of the appeal to the people fallacy ?
premises : you will be accepted or valued if you believe this statement
conclusion : this statement is true
appeal to pity
is the attempt to support t a conclusion merely by evoking pity in ones audience when the statements that evoke the pity are logically unrelated to the conclusions
what is the premise of the appeal to pity ?
premises: you have reason to pity this person or group
conclusion : you should do X for the benefit of this persons or group although doing X is not called for logically by the reason given
appeal to ignorance
involves one of the following either the claim that a statement is true simply because it hasn’t been proven false of the claim that a statement is false simply because it hasn’t been proven true
