Chapter 5, Carbonyl Groups (Aldehydes and Ketones) Flashcards
What is the functional group of a ketone?
C double bond O in the middle of a carbon chain.
What is the functional group of an aldehyde?
C double bond O
H
What observation can be make my adding Tollens to an aldehyde/ketone?
No reaction with a ketone
An aldehyde produces a silver mirror precipitate.
What is Tollen’s reagent made from?
What is the process?
Ammonia solution is added to silver nitrate.
This is then gently warmed with the aldehyde.
What are the observations using Fehling’s solution with aldehydes/ketones?
No reaction with ketone.
Aldehyde goes form blue liquid to red precipitate due to Cu2+ going to Cu2O.
What is a carbonyl group?
C=O
Primary alcohols are oxidised to…
Aldehydes
Secondary alcohols are oxidised to…
Ketones
What reagents/conditions are required for oxidation of primary alcohols?
Acidified potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4
What reagents/conditions are needed for oxidation of secondary alcohols?
Acidified potassium dichromate and dilute H2SO4, and heat under reflux.
What is used to reduce carbonyl compounds?
Sodium tetraborohydrate
NaBH4
What reagents/conditions are needed to reduce carbonyl compounds?
Aqueous ethanol under reflux, followed by dilute H2SO4.
What is an aldehyde reduced to?
A primary alcohol.
What is a ketone reduced to?
A secondary alcohol.
What reagents is used in nucleophilic addition of carbonyl compounds?
NaBH4, followed by H2SO4
