Chapter 4, Nomenclature and Isomerism

Question 1

What is the suffix for an amine?

Answer 1

• amino

- anime

Question 2

What is the suffix for an amide?

Answer 2

-amide

Question 3

What is the suffix for a nitrile?

Answer 3

-nitrile

Question 4

What is the suffix for an ester?

Answer 4

-oate

Question 5

What is the suffix for an acyl chloride?

Answer 5

-oyl halide

Question 6

What is the suffix for an acid anhydride?

Answer 6

-oic anhydride

Question 7

What is the suffix for an aromatic compound?

Answer 7

-benzene/-phenyl

Question 8

What type of isomerism do I need to know from Unit 1?

Answer 8

Chain, position and functional group isomerism

Question 9

What type of isomerism do I need to know from Unit 2?

Answer 9

E-Z stereoisomerism

Question 10

What type of isomerism is new in Unit 4?

Answer 10

Optical isomerism

Question 11

What is optical isomerism?

Answer 11

Where a compound has a chiral carbon (4 different groups attached)
It will have no line of symmetry and therefore will form to mirror-image enantiomers
These are superimposable

Question 12

What is a racemic mixture?

Answer 12

Equal amounts (50:50) of both enantiomers, these means that the racemate isn’t optically active

Question 13

When are the enantiomers optically active?

Answer 13

When they are single enantiomers on there own

Question 14

Why is a racemic mixture so common?

Answer 14

Because the chiral carbon will have a planar shape
This means there is equal chance of attack from above and below
Meaning there is equal chance of both enantiomers being formed

Question 15

What are the problems with enantiomers used in drugs

famous example

Answer 15

Thaladomide- prevented morning sickness in pregnant women but the other enantiomer caused deformities to the child

Question 16

How do we prevent enantiomers in drugs from being a problem?

Answer 16

Each enantiomer is tested separately for its potentail side effects