Chapter 5

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment

Question 2

Factors that influence perception

Answer 2

perceiver
target
situation

Question 3

Attribution Theory

Answer 3

tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior

Question 4

3 factors of attribution

Answer 4

Distinctiveness
Consensus
Consistency

Question 5

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 5

Underestimate external, over estimate internal

Question 6

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 6

put blame on external, when it is internal problem.

Question 7

Selective Perception

Answer 7

a perceptual filtering process based on interests, background, and attitude. May allow observers to draw unwarranted conclusions from an ambiguous situation.

Question 8

Halo Effect

Answer 8

draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance.

Question 9

Contrast Effect

Answer 9

our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered

Question 10

Stereotyping

Answer 10

judge someone on the basis of our perception of a group which she belongs.

Question 11

Perception influences

Answer 11

aware the problem exist
evaluation and interpretation
bias of analysis and conclusion

Question 12

Rational Decision-Making Model (6)

Answer 12

1. define problem
2. identify the decision criteria
3. allocate weights to the criteria
4. develop alternatives
5. evaluate alternatives
6. Select best alternative

Question 13

Bounded Rationality

Answer 13

construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity

Question 14

Intuitive decision making

Answer 14

an unconscious process created from distilled experience.

Question 15

Overconfidence Bias

Answer 15

you believe to much in your own ability to make good decisions

Question 16

Anchoring Bias

Answer 16

when you make decisions based on the information you received first and not on the new information received.

Question 17

Confirmation Bias

Answer 17

you only use facts that support your decision

Question 18

Availability Bias

Answer 18

emphasizes information that is more readily at hand, information that is recent and viid

Question 19

Escalation of Commitment

Answer 19

occurs when there is an increasing commitment to a decision in spite of evidence that is the wrong decision

Question 20

Risk Aversion

Answer 20

the decision maker has a tendency to prefer a sure thing over a risky outcome.

Question 21

Hindsight Bias

Answer 21

occurs after an outcome is already known and then believing it could have been accurately predicted before hand.

Question 22

3 ethical theories

Answer 22

Utilitarian
Rights
Justice

Question 23

Utilitarian

Answer 23

provide the greatest good for the greatest number. Decisions are based on the outcome of the solution.

Question 24

Rights

Answer 24

make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges in an attempt to protect the basic rights of individuals.

Question 25

Justice

Answer 25

impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so that there is equal distribution of benefits and costs. imposes rules in a fair and impartial manner and equitably distributes benefits and costs

Question 26

Three Component Model of Creativity

Answer 26

Expertise
Creative thinking skills
Intrinsic Task motivation

Question 27

Three Component Model of Creativity

Answer 27

Expertise
Creative thinking skills
Intrinsic Task motivation