Chapter 5 Flashcards
Perception
process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment
Factors that influence perception
perceiver
target
situation
Attribution Theory
tries to explain the ways in which we judge people differently depending on the meaning we attribute to a given behavior
3 factors of attribution
Distinctiveness
Consensus
Consistency
Fundamental Attribution Error
Underestimate external, over estimate internal
Self-Serving Bias
put blame on external, when it is internal problem.
Selective Perception
a perceptual filtering process based on interests, background, and attitude. May allow observers to draw unwarranted conclusions from an ambiguous situation.
Halo Effect
draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance.
Contrast Effect
our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered
Stereotyping
judge someone on the basis of our perception of a group which she belongs.
Perception influences
aware the problem exist
evaluation and interpretation
bias of analysis and conclusion
Rational Decision-Making Model (6)
- define problem
- identify the decision criteria
- allocate weights to the criteria
- develop alternatives
- evaluate alternatives
- Select best alternative
Bounded Rationality
construct simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity
Intuitive decision making
an unconscious process created from distilled experience.
Overconfidence Bias
you believe to much in your own ability to make good decisions
Anchoring Bias
when you make decisions based on the information you received first and not on the new information received.
Confirmation Bias
you only use facts that support your decision
Availability Bias
emphasizes information that is more readily at hand, information that is recent and viid
Escalation of Commitment
occurs when there is an increasing commitment to a decision in spite of evidence that is the wrong decision
Risk Aversion
the decision maker has a tendency to prefer a sure thing over a risky outcome.
Hindsight Bias
occurs after an outcome is already known and then believing it could have been accurately predicted before hand.
3 ethical theories
Utilitarian
Rights
Justice
Utilitarian
provide the greatest good for the greatest number. Decisions are based on the outcome of the solution.
Rights
make decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges in an attempt to protect the basic rights of individuals.
Justice
impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so that there is equal distribution of benefits and costs. imposes rules in a fair and impartial manner and equitably distributes benefits and costs
Three Component Model of Creativity
Expertise
Creative thinking skills
Intrinsic Task motivation
Three Component Model of Creativity
Expertise
Creative thinking skills
Intrinsic Task motivation
