Chapter 4

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others. Most often described in terms of measurable traits that a person exhibits, such as shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid

Question 2

Self-report Surveys

Answer 2

the most common/easiest means of measuring personality with which individuals evaluate themselves on a series of factors. Individual is reporting all the data about themselves.

Question 3

Observer-rating surveys

Answer 3

an independent person will observe and monitor behavior and record it in the survey. These reports tend to more accurate but difficult to administer and more costly.

Question 4

Hereditary

Answer 4

factors determined at conception.

Question 5

Personal Traits

Answer 5

characteristics of an individual’s behavior, including shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid, is exhibited in a large number of situations.

Question 6

Myeres-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 6

: the most widely used personality assessment instrument in the world

Question 7

Extraverted

Answer 7

outgoing, sociable, and assertive

Question 8

Introverted

Answer 8

quiet and shy

Question 9

Sensing

Answer 9

practical and prefer routine and order. Focus on detail.

Question 10

Intuitive

Answer 10

rely on unconscious processes and look at the “big picture”

Question 11

Thinking

Answer 11

use reason and logic to handle problems

Question 12

Feeling

Answer 12

rely on their personal values and emotions.

Question 13

Judging

Answer 13

want control and prefer their world to be ordered and structured

Question 14

Perceiving

Answer 14

flexible and spontaneous

Question 15

Problem with Briggs

Answer 15

it forces a person into either one type or another. There is no in-between, though people can be both.

Question 16

Extraversion

Answer 16

Captures our comfort level with relationships. Extraverts tend to be gregarious, assertive, and sociable. Introverts ten to be reserved, timid, and quiet.

Question 17

Agreeableness

Answer 17

Refers to an individual’s propensity to defer to others. Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warn, and trusting. People who score low on agreeableness are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic.

Question 18

Conscientiousness

Answer 18

A measure of reliability. A highly conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized and unreliable

Question 19

Emotional Stability

Answer 19

Often labeled by its converse, neuroticism, taps a person’s ability to withstand stress. People with positive emotional stability tend to be calm, self-confident, and secure. Those with high negative scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed, and insecure

Question 20

Openness to experience

Answer 20

Addresses range of interests and fascination with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive. Those at the other end are conventional and find comfort in the familiar.

Question 21

Core Self-Evaluation

Answer 21

the degree to which people like/dislike themselves (relate to job satisfaction).

Question 22

Machiavellianism

Answer 22

describes a person who tends to be emotionally distant and believes that the ends justify the means. They tend to have a competitive drive and a need to win. They can be very persuasive in situations where they are direct interaction with minimal rules and people are distracted by emotions.

Question 23

Narcissism

Answer 23

describes a person who has a grandiose sense of self-importance, requires excessive admiration, has a sense of entitlement, and is arrogant

Question 24

Self-Monitoring

Answer 24

refers to an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

Question 25

Type A personality

Answer 25

Aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve more and more in les and less time, and, if required to do so, against the opposing efforts of other things or other persons. Competitive, urgent, and driven.

Question 26

Proactive Personality

Answer 26

identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs, compared to others who passively react to situation.

Question 27

Values

Answer 27

represent basic, enduring convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence.”

Question 28

Terminal Values

Answer 28

refers to desirable end-states. These are the goals a person would like to achieve during his life.

Question 29

Instrumental Values

Answer 29

refers to preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving the terminal values.

Question 30

Personality-Job Fit Theory

Answer 30

the effort to match job requirements with personality characteristics (John Hollands).

Question 31

Person-Organization Fit

Answer 31

It is more important that employees’ personalities fit with the organizational culture than with the characteristics of any specific job. The fit predicts job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover.