chapter 5

Question 1

Aramaic paraphrases of and expansions on Scripture

Answer 1

Targums

Question 2

The complete body of Jewish oral traditions, including the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and the Gemara

Answer 2

Talmud

Question 3

The earliest of the rabbinic writings, put into written form about AD 200, composed of the rulings of rabbis on a wide range of issues related to the application of Torah to everyday life

Answer 3

Mishnah

Question 4

Discussions and interpretations of the Jewish law produced by rabbis in the centuries after the destruction of Jerusalem

Answer 4

rabbinic writings

Question 5

A large body of ancient Jewish writings

Most produced during the Second Temple period, which were not included in the Apocrypha

Answer 5

pseudepigrapha

Question 6

A collection of Jewish texts written after the OT Period which are rejected by Protestants as authoritative Scripture but accepted by Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians

Answer 6

Apocrypha

Question 7

First-century Jewish philosopher (approximately 20 BC to AD 40) whose works help us understand the convergence of Judaism and Hellenism

Answer 7

Philo

Question 8

First-century Jewish historian (37 BC to approximately AD 100) Our most important extra-biblical source for the history and culture of first-century Judaism

Answer 8

Josephus

Question 9

Jewish expectation for an end-times kind descended from David who would reign over Israel in righteousness and justice

Answer 9

Davidic Messiah

Question 10

Jewish movement beginning in the second century BC which looked to God’s imminent intervention in history to judge the wicked and reward the rightous

Answer 10

apocalypticism

Question 11

Jewish insurrectionists who engaged in revolutionary activities against the Roman authorities

Answer 11

Zealots

Question 12

Referring to end-times

God’s time of final salvation

Answer 12

eschatology

eschatological

Question 13

An ancient library discovered in caves near the Dead Sea in 1947 and likely associated with the first-century Jewish community at Qumran

Answer 13

Dead Sea Scrolls

Question 14

A Jewish community near the Dead Sea which likely produced the Dead Sea Scrolls. Most scholars believe the ___ community were Essenes

Answer 14

Qumran

Question 15

A Jewish sect which rigorously kept the law and often lived in monastic communities. The Dead Sea scrolls were probably an ___ library

Answer 15

Essenes

Question 16

A traditional messianic title referring to the Messiah’s descent from the line of David, Israel’s greatest king

Answer 16

Son of David

Question 17

a religious and political party in first-century Judaism which strictly adhered to purity laws and the law of Moses, both the written law and oral traditions

Answer 17

Pharisees

Question 18

A religious and political party in first-century Judaism mad up mostly of the priestly leadership and aristocracy

Answer 18

Sadducees

Question 19

Experts in the law of Moses

Answer 19

scribes

Question 20

The Jewish high court

Answer 20

Sanhedrin

Question 21

Jewish high priest from AD 18-36, and so the high priest of Jesus’ public ministry

Answer 21

Caiaphas

Question 22

The highest religious office in Judaism. The ___ oversaw temple worship and the religious life of the Jews

Answer 22

high priest

Question 23

Levites from the family of Aaron, who served as ___ in the temple

Answer 23

priests

Question 24

Descendants of Jacob’s son Levi, who were dedicated as a tribe to serve Yahweh and the temple

Answer 24

Levites

Question 25

The portable temple, also called “the tent of meeting”, which the Israelites carried with them through the wilderness

Answer 25

tabernacle

Question 26

Local Jewish meeting places used for worship, study, assemblies, and social events

Answer 26

synagogues

Question 27

The central place of worship for Israel. Sacrifices were to be made only in the Jerusalem ___

Answer 27

temple

Question 28

The law given by God to Israel through Moses. The term could be used for various things: the commandments given by God, the books of the Pentateuch, the whole Old Testament, and even for the written and oral traditions

Answer 28

Torah (the law)

Question 29

A solemn binding agreement between two parties. The Bible is structured around God’s ___ relationship with his people

Answer 29

covenant

Question 30

Israel’s covenant name for God; derived from the four Hebrew consonants YHWH, the tetragrammaton (“four letters”)

Answer 30

Yahweh (“the LORD”)

Question 31

Belief in only one true God. Judaism was the first great ___ religion

Answer 31

monotheistic