Chapter 4 Flashcards
(28 cards)
The period from the completion of the second temple (built by Zerubbabel) to its destruction, approximately 516 BC to AD 70
Second Temple period
Macedonian king whose military conquests of the Eastern Mediterranean greatly advanced the process of hellenization
Alexander the Great
The spread of Greek culture and language, whether by coercion, force, or natural appeal
hellenization
The common language spoken for trade and diplomacy throughout the Roman Empire
koine Greek
The dynasty which arose in Egypt following the division of Alexander the Great’s empire. They controlled Palestine from about 323 to 198 BC
Ptolemies
The dynasty which arose in Syria following the division of Alexander the Great’s empire. They controlled Palestine from about 198 to 166 BC
Seleucids
The Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (the OT). Abbreviated with Roman numerals for seventy (LXX)
Septuagint
A reference to Jews living outside Israel
“Dispersion”
Diaspora
The Seleucid ruler who provoked the Maccabean rebellion because of his attempts to force hellenization on the Jews.
Antiochus IV “Epiphanes”
Refers to those in support of hellenization. More specifically, it can refer to those who sided with the Seleucid attempts to hellenize Israel in the second century BC.
Hellenists
A Hebrew term meaning “pious ones” or “holy ones”. Used of those who opposed Seleucid attempts to hellenize Israel in the second century BC.
Hasidim
The desecration of the temple of Jerusalem by Antiochus IV Epiphanes when he offered idolatrous sacrifices on the altar. In the Olivet Discourse, Jesus used this reference to refer to a future desecration
abomination of desolation
Son of Mattathias and first great leader of the Maccabean Revolt. Maccabeus means “the hammer”
Judas Maccabeus
The name given to Judas and his brothers, who liberated Israel from Seleucid rule in the second century BC
the Maccabees
The Jewish feast celebrationg the victory of the Maccabees over Antiochus Epiphanes and the re-dedication of the temple in 164 BC
Hanukkah
The Jewish dynasty (167-63 BC) established by Judas and his brothers which ruled Israel following the victory of the Maccabees
Hasmonean dynasty
A Greek form of the Hebrew “Edomite” meaning a descendent of Esau, twin brother of Jacob (Israel) and son of Isaac. Edom was located in southern Palestine and had a history of conflict with Israel. It was ruled by the Jews during the period of the Maccabees.
Idumean
The Idumean (Edomite) ruler who gained the throne of Israel after the Roman conquest of Palestine and ruled from 37-4 BC
Herod the Great
(63 BC-AD 14) The first true emperor of Rome; ruler of the Roman Empire at the time of Jesus’ birth
Caesar Augustus (Octavian)
The Roman prefect or governor of the Roman province of Judea from AD 26-36, during the time of Jesus’ ministry
Pontius Pilate
The son of Herod the Great and tetrarch of Galilee and Perea between 4 BC and AD 39 during the period of Jesus’ ministry
Herod Antipas
A Latin term meaning “Roman peace” and referring to the period of relative peace and stability established by Caesar Augustus
Pax Romana
A ruler of a Roman senatorial province
proconsul
A ruler of a Roman imperial province
legate
