Chapter 2

Question 1

Collective name for the tools that have been developed to examine each stage of the transmission process

Answer 1

historical criticism

Question 2

A type of historical criticism which studies the oral or spoken traditions behind the written gospel sources

Answer 2

form criticism

Question 3

A type of historical criticism which seeks to identify the written sources behind each gospel and their relationship to one another

Answer 3

source criticism

Question 4

A type of historical criticism which studies how the gospel writers edited their sources to achieve their distinct theological goals

Answer 4

redaction criticism

Question 5

Early church father (AD 354-430) who appears to have been the first to discuss the potential literary relationship between the gospels

Answer 5

Augustine

Question 6

The view that Mark was the first gospel written and that Matthew and Luke both independently used Mark as a source

Answer 6

Markan priority

Question 7

The theory that both Matthew and Luke used both Mark and “Q” as their sources. The four-source theory adds “M” and “L” for the unique material used by Matthew and Luke

Answer 7

two-source theory

Question 8

A hypothetical source proposed to account for the material common to Matthew and Luke which does not appear in Mark

Answer 8

Synoptic Sayings Source

“Q”

Question 9

The proposal that Matthew was the first gospel written, that Luke used Matthew as a source, and that Mark used both Matthew and Luke

Answer 9

Griesbach hypothesis

Two-gospel hypothesis

Question 10

A short, self-contained gospel episode such as a miracle story, a parable, or a pronouncement story which may have originally circulated as an independent unit of oral tradition

Answer 10

pericope

Question 11

A short narrative episode (pericope) which builds to a climactic statement or pronouncement by Jesus

Answer 11

pronouncement story

Question 12

A short narrative episode (pericope) recounting a miracle of Jesus, generally following a traditional pattern

1) physical problem
2) healing
3) amazed reaction

Answer 12

miracle story

Question 13

A German phrase meaning “setting in life”, referring to the original cultural and historical contexts in which an episode or a narrative arose.

Answer 13

Sitz im Leben

Question 14

The narrative leading up to Jesus’ death, generally including the last supper, Jesus’ agony in the garden, and his arrest, trial, and crucifixion

Answer 14

passion narrative