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1. Social 10-1 > Chapter 5-8 > Flashcards

Chapter 5-8 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the earliest known trade route?

A

The silk road

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2
Q

What placers did the sild road link?

A

Asia and Europe

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3
Q

How did the Silk Road get its name?

A

It was named after the beautiful cloth made in China from thread harvested from silkworms

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4
Q

What was transported on the silk road?

A

It distributed many prized goods, such as peppercorns and Ideas

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5
Q

What is an example of an idea that was traded on the Silk Road?

A

The Indo-Arabic number system

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6
Q

Where did the Indo-Arabic Number System originate and where did it go?

A
  • The system originated in India and was later adopted in the Middle East.
  • Europeans who traded with Middle Eastern merchants introduced the system to Italy.
  • From Italy, this new system quickly spread throughout Europe
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7
Q

Who created the idea that globalization evolved in 3 distinct phases?

A

Indian journalist, author, and technology consultant Ashutosh Sheshabalaya

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8
Q

Describe the first evolutive phase of globalization?`

A

-Goods and ideas were exchanged along ancient trade
routes.
-During this phase, the Arab civilizations
“were among the first ambassadors of the realm of ideas.”
-They transferred knowledge of Indian science, medicine, literature, and mathematics to Europe

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9
Q

Describe the second evolutive phase of globalization?

A

This phase began in the late 1400s.

  • Building on new ideas, Europeans developed technologies that enabled them to sail much farther than ever before.
  • The growth of globalization was related to European imperialism, a term that refers to one country’s domination of another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions
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10
Q

Describe the third evolutive phase of globalization?

A

The world is now in this phase, which evolved from the second round and began after World War II.
-It is a time of rapid growth of world markets and nearly instant communications and will be marked by the rapid rise of China and India as economic powers.

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11
Q

What is the second round of Ashutosh Sheshabalaya theory also called?

A

Historical gloabalization

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12
Q

What marked the beginning of the second phase or Hirstorical globalization?

A

1492, the year Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Caribbean

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13
Q

What ended the second phase or historical globalization?

A

When the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers after World War II

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14
Q

What is the 3rd phase of globalization also know as?

A

This post-World War II period is often called contemporary globalization

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15
Q

What did Johannes Gutenberg make?

A

The printing press

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16
Q

What was the most important invention of the second millennium?

A

A printer

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17
Q

How did people make books before the printer?

A

Books in Europe had been painstakingly copied by hand

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18
Q

Why was the printer so revolutionary?

A

As books were produced more quickly and cheaply, more people could afford to buy them, and this encouraged more people to learn to read. The printed word played an important role in spreading new ideas about science, religion, politics, and philosophy across Europe

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19
Q

Why did wealth become a measure of social class?

A

Townspeople and city dwellers depended on their knowledge of a craft or their skill as traders and entrepreneurs. This knowledge and skill gave them new ways of accumulating wealth

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20
Q

Which group of people were the first known middle-class?

A

Townspeople and city dwellers

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21
Q

What did city-dwellers encourage?

A

a belief that people should be able to act freely.
-As a result, they often valued education and welcomed innovations such as exploration, scientific discoveries, and new technologies.

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22
Q

What layed the foundation for historical globalization?

A

New ideas and new technologies, combined with a desire to profit through trade

23
Q

What were centres of innovation and learning in the 19th century?

A

The Middle East

24
Q

What did the introduction of large sails help to foster?

A

Larger ships that could be built. That were also faster and more manoeuvrable.

25
Q

What were 2 inventions that helped to foster trade?

A

Navigational tools

Gunpowder

26
Q

Who inspired many European countries to establish colonies in the America’s?

A

Christopher Columbus

27
Q

Why did some European countries have an advantage in establishing colonies in the America’s?

A

Because they have had experience with boats due to their countries being near coasts and large bodies of water.

28
Q

What is European Imperialism?

A

The policy of extending a country’s power by acquiring new territories and establishing control over other countries and peoples

29
Q

What was European imperialism inspired by?

A

Trade

30
Q

Why did European Monarchs establish colonies in the America’s?

A

European monarchs believed that colonies would increase trade by providing both cheap raw materials and markets for goods produced in the home country

31
Q

What did trade bring to colonies?

A

Trade brought economic prosperity, and economic prosperity brought power.

32
Q

How did European governments strictly control trade in the colony?

A

They made rules such as:
-They required a colony’s raw materials to be shipped to the home country. Only there could they be used to make finished products.
-Colonizers were not allowed to set up factories and use the colony’s raw materials to manufacture goods in the colony. The products made in the
home country were then shipped back to the colony and sold.

33
Q

Why did Europeans create strict laws for the colonies?

A

To ensure prosperity, they believed that the balance of trade must favour the home country: its exports must be higher than its imports.

34
Q

How did European countries keep their colonial markets strong?

A

Governments often prohibited colonies from importing goods from other European countries. This eliminated competition and meant that people in colonies could buy only goods made in the home country

35
Q

What was the process of strictly controlling the trade of the colonies by Europeans countries called?

A

Mercantilism

36
Q

What caused the American revolution?

A

Dissatisfaction with mercantilism by British colonies rebelled

37
Q

What came out of the American revolution?

A

The United States of America as an independent country

38
Q

What laid the groundwork for capitalism?

A

A book titiled “The Wealth of Nations”

39
Q

What did the “Wealth of Nations” say?

A

It challenged government economic control and advocated free trade, competition, and choice as routes to economic prosperity.

40
Q

What did European people do when they came to a new place?

A

They declared that the indigenous people were their subjects and enslaved them

41
Q

Why did Europeans have such an advantage over places that they colonized?

A

Naval power, as well as guns and cannons, gave early European colonizers a significant military advantage over those who tried to resist.

42
Q

Why was colonization in Japan and China less successful?

A

Because they had strong central governments

43
Q

Why did Europeans encourage people from the home country to settle in the colonies?

A

-Settlers provided a pool of people to run the colony, supervise the gathering of resources, and protect the home country’s trading interests.
-Emigration also helped reduce conflict at home.
-Pressure to make European agriculture more efficient had created unrest as many peasants
were driven off the land

44
Q

How were the Aztecs affected by Spanish Colonization?

A

The Aztecs were enslaved and lost their way of life

45
Q

How were the First Nations people affected by Europeans Colonization?

A

At first they benefited from the Fur Trade but as Europeans built settlements and started farming they began to get forced off their land

46
Q

What took the greatest toll on indigenous people in the America’s?

A

European diseases that killed 75-90 percent of the indigenous peoples

47
Q

Why did Europeans call First Nations Indians?

A

Because they thought they reached india

48
Q

Who spoke up against the harsh treatment of Africans

A

Bartolomé de Las Casas

49
Q

What sparked the Abolitionist Movement?

A

A book by Olaudah Equiano

50
Q

Who at first wanted to maintain slave laws?

A

Wealthy rich slave laws

51
Q

What is the Grand Exchange?

A

The exchange of goods and cargo that were not native to the country

52
Q

What are some examples things exchanged in the grand exchange?

A

Sunflowers and Coffee

53
Q

What is the industrial revolution?

A

A new way of working that used machines to reach a growing demand.

1. Social 10-1 (24 decks)

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