Chapter 5

Question 1

what are communicable diseases

Answer 1

they are caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses that can be passed from one person to another.

Question 2

what are non-communicable diseases

Answer 2

they cannot be transmitted from one person to another.

Question 3

3 factors that affect health

Answer 3

diet, stress, life situations

Question 4

how do bacteria make you feel ill

Answer 4

bacteria can produce toxins that make you feel ill.

Question 5

how do viruses make you feel ill

Answer 5

viruses live and reproduce inside your cells, causing cell damage.

Question 6

how do pathogens spread (3)

Answer 6

direct contact, air, water

Question 7

how do bacteria split

Answer 7

they split through binary fission

Question 8

At what temperature should cultures be incubated

Answer 8

cultures should be incubated at a maximum temperature of 25oC in schools and colleges to reduce the likelihood of pathogens growing that might be harmful to humans.

Question 9

how to prevent the spread of disease (4)

Answer 9

simple hygiene measures
destroying vectors
isolation of infected individuals
vaccinations

Question 10

Measles:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or fungi

Answer 10

• droplet infection
• fever and a rash
• isolation of patients and vaccination
• virus

Question 11

HIV:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or fungi

Answer 11

• sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids
• flu-like illness
• antiretroviral drugs
• virus

Question 12

Tobacco mosaic virus:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or fungi

Answer 12

• field hygiene and pest control
• damages leaves and reduces photosynthesis
• no treatment
• virus

Question 13

Salmonella food poisoning:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or bacteria

Answer 13

• undercooked food and poor hygiene
• fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, vomiting
• poultry are vaccinated against it
• bacteria

Question 14

Gonorrhoea:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or bacteria

Answer 14

• sexually transmitted
• discharge from penis or vagina and pain on urination
• antibiotics, use condoms
• bacteria

Question 15

Rose black spot:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or fungi

Answer 15

• wind or water
• damages leaves so that they drop off
• removing affected leaves or chemical sprays
• fungi

Question 16

Malaria:

• how is it spread
• effects of it
• treatment
• virus, pathogen or protists

Answer 16

• the bite of female mosquitos
• fevers, shaking, can be fatal
• drugs, killing vectors
• protists

Question 17

All the defences (5)

Answer 17

skin, nose, trachea, bronchi, stomach

Question 18

lack of magnesium in plants

Answer 18

plant turns yellow

Question 19

lack of nitrate in plants

Answer 19

stunted growth

Question 20

physical plant defences (3)

Answer 20

cellulose cell walls, tough waxy cuticles, layers of dead cells

Question 21

chemical plant defences (2)

Answer 21

antibacterial chemicals, poisons to deter herbivores

Question 22

mechanical adaptations (3)

Answer 22

thorns and hairs, leaves that curl when touched, mimicry to trick animals