Chapter 5

Question 1

Read the following definition by Gill and Johnson (1997): “A formulation regarding the cause and effect relationships between two or more variables, which may or may not have been tested.” Which one of these does it define?

Answer 1

Theory.

Question 2

Which of the following is a data collection method?

Answer 2

The interview.

Question 3

Which one of these is not normally associated with quantitative data?

Answer 3

Researchers views of high importance.

Question 4

Which one of these is not normal associated with qualitative data?

Answer 4

Pie charts.

Question 5

A study is based on 30 people (across 3 focus groups). What type of study is this?

Answer 5

Qualitative study.

Question 6

A study is based on 1000 people interviewed faced to face in shopping centres. What type of study is this?

Answer 6

Questionnaire study.

Question 7

Which one of these studies is least associated with construct validity?

Answer 7

Qualitative.

Question 8

Which research strategy is described here? “The introduction of planned change on one or more of the variables; measurement on a small number of variables and control of other variables.”

Answer 8

Experiment.

Question 9

Triangulation can come about from which one of the following?

Answer 9

Using more than one approach.

Question 10

Which research strategy is described here? “The collection of data using questionnaires, but it also includes other techniques (e.g. structured observation and structured interviews).”

Answer 10

Survey.

Question 11

Which research strategy is described here? “The researcher is involved in the acts under study; s/he causes changes and monitors the outcomes.”

Answer 11

Action research.

Question 12

Which one of these should be most valuable to show a gradual change in behaviour over time?

Answer 12

Longitudinal studies.

Question 13

Which research strategy is described here? “Theory is developed from data generated by a series of observations or interviews principally involving an inductive approach.”

Answer 13

Grounded theory.

Question 14

For any study you should question the reliability and validity of:

Answer 14

All of the above.

Question 15

A study interviews a representative sample of the nation’s population every week to detect how many people read a particular newspaper. A prize draw is introduced for participants as an incentive to do the interview. What impact will the incentive have on the readership results for the newspaper in question?

Answer 15

There may be an increase or decrease in readership figures, or they may stay the same.