Chapter 5 Flashcards
What is Motivation
extent persistent effort towards goal
4 Characteristics of Motivation
Effort
Persistence
Direction
Goals
Intrinsic Motivation
self applied
stems from relationship between worker and task
Extrinsic Motivation
- applied by others
- stems from work environment external to the task
Define performance (as it relates to motivation)
extent which member contributes to achievement of objectives
General Cognitive Activity
- basic info processing capacities and cognitive resources
- overall capacity and efficiency for processing information
_____ ability is needed to perform mental tasks
cognitive
Cognitive ability is a predictor of
learning, training, career success, job performance
(better predictor in more complex and higher level jobs
Define Emotional Intelligence
ability to understand and manage own feelings and emotions
Emotional intelligence improves ability to
- perceive and express emotions
- assimilate emotions in thought
- understand and reason about emotions
- manage emotions in self and others
Emotional Intelligence most important
- jobs with emotional labour
- for employees with lower level cognitive ability
Need theories of work motivation are motivation theories that specify
- the kinds of needs people have
- conditions under which people are motivated
Needs are defined as
-psychological and physiological wants satisfied by acquiring certain incentives or achieving particular goals
Needs -> _____ -> ______
Behaviour -> Incentives and Goals
Need theories concerned with
what motivates workers
process theories are concerned with
how various factors motivate people
3 Prominent need theories of motivation
- Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
- Alderfer’s ERG Theory
- McClelland’s Theory of Needs
5 levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy (bottom to top)
Physiological needs Safety needs Belongingness Needs Esteem needs Self-Actualization needs
Define Physiological Needs
survival needs
Define Safety Needs
security, stability, freedom from anxiety, structured and ordered environment
Belonging Needs
social interaction, love, companionship, friendship
Esteem Needs
feelings of adequacy, competence, independence, strength, confidence
Self-Actualization Needs
reach true potential, personal fulfillment
Which level has greatest motivating potential?
Lowest (Physiological)
3 Levels of Alderfer’s ERG Theory (bottom to top)
Existence
Relatedness
Growth
Define “Existence” in relation to ERG theory
needs that are satisfied by material substance or condition
Define “Relatedness” in terms of ERG Theory
needs satisfied by open communication and exchange of thoughts and feelings
Explain Growth in terms of ERG Theory
needs fulfilled by strong personal involvement in work setting
Define McClelland’s Theory of Needs
non-hierarchical need theory outlines conditions under which certain needs result in particular patterns of motivation
3 Needs of McClelland’s Theory of Needs
Achievement
Affiliation
Power
Define need for Achievement in McClelland’s theory
strong desire to perform challenging tasks well
Define Affiliation in McClelland’s Theory
strong desire to establish and maintain friendly, compatible, interpersonal relationships
Define need for Power in McClelland’s theory
strong desire to influence others, making significant impact or impression
What is Self Determination Theory (SDT)
theory of motivation that makes a distinction between 2 kinds of motivation:
autonomous
controlled
Define autonomous motivation
self-motivation or intrinsic motivation
Define Controlled Motivation
motivation to obtain desired consequence or extrinsic reward
3 Process Theories of Motivation
Expectancy Theory
Equity Theory
Goal Setting Theory
What does Expectancy Theory say about Motivation
motivation determined by the outcomes that people expect to occur as a result of their actions
What does Equity Theory explain
explains people’s job satisfaction through comparison process of inputs and outcomes
What does Goal Setting Theory say about motivation
Goals are motivational
