Chapter 5 Flashcards
Describe health
State of complete physical, mental and social well-being . Not just the absence of a disease
Difference between communicable and non communicable diseases
Communicable diseases are infectious eg- flu and tuberculosis. They are caused by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses being passed from one person to another.
Non communicable diseases cannot be transmitted from one person to another eg- heart disease and arthritis.
Why can the presence of one disease lead to higher susceptibility to other diseases
your immune system is low/poor as its already fighting off one disease.
What is a pathogen
A disease-causing organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists
Describe the effects of the common infection cholera and how its spread
Bacterial infection causing diarrhoea, spread through water
Describe the effects of the common infection tuberculosis and how its spread
Bacterial infection causing lung damage, spread through air (airborne)
Describe the effects of the common infection chalara ash dieback and how its spread
fungal disease causing leaf loss and bark lesions, its spread through air (airborne)
Describe the effects of the common infection malaria and how its spread
caused by protists and causes damage to blood and liver spread by animal vectors
Describe the effects of the common infection HIV
Virus that causes the destruction of white blood cells, leading to the onset of AIDS
Describe the effects of the common infection stomach ulcers and how its spread
caused by helicobacter a bacteria caused by oral transmission
Describe the effects of the common infection Ebola and how its spread
Virus causing haemorrhagic fever spread by body fluids
What is the life cycle of a virus
Get inside a host cell, make copies of themselves, the virus copies fill whole host cell it bursts open and viruses are passed out into the bloodstream or airways etc…
Explain how sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread
and how this spread can be reduced or prevented
CHLAMYDIA
Bacterial infection through bodily fluids from person to person
eg- sex
to prevent- use contraception
Explain how sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are spread
and how this spread can be reduced or prevented
HIV
Horizontal transmission through bodily fluids through acts such sexual intercourse and sharing needles from drug use.
To prevent it use contraception such as condoms and use sterile needles
How can plants defend themselves against attack from pests and pathogens?
By physical barriers including leaf cuticle and cell wall
How else can plants also defend themselves against attack from pests and pathogens
By producing chemicals, some of which can be used to treat human diseases or relieve symptoms