chapter 5/6

Question 1

what were the causes of growth in opposition?

Answer 1

-the disappointment from alexander III’s harsh reforms stimulated opposition
-many were repressed and intelligentsia and students were lacking information

Question 2

what were the two main moderate liberal opposition groups?

Answer 2

salvophiles and westernisers

Question 3

what was the issue and impact of the 1891-92 famine?

Answer 3

-government wsas largely uninvolved with solving
-left to zemstva to take care of
-showed ineptitude of gov
-believed to be a turning point in how people view the system

Question 4

what was the tchaikovsky circle?

Answer 4

-populists
-small circle (less than 100)
-organised to print, publish and distribute revolutionary literature

Question 5

what was land and liberty?

Answer 5

-populist political group
-split in 1879 into the people’s will and black repartition

Question 6

what was the people’s will’s goal?

Answer 6

-assassinate alexander II
-succeeded in march 1881

Question 7

what did the Reutern do to promote industrial growth?

Answer 7

-treasury was reformed for collecting taxes
-trade was promoted and imprt duties were reducted 1863
-subsidies offered to develop railways

Question 8

were the top-down industrial growth methods effective?

Answer 8

-pushed tax farmers to invest somewhere else
-russia’s economy remained weak.
-limitations from the emancipation edict kept the peasantry poor and domestic market small

Question 9

what and when was the great famine?

Answer 9

-1891-92
-350,000 died
-gov failed to organise relief and was forced upon volunteer groups

Question 10

what areas did Witte invest into?

Answer 10

-mining
-metal trades
-oil
-banking

Question 11

did emancipation change the life of farmers?

Answer 11

-no
-yields remained low compared to western europe
-traditional farming techniques hampered development

Question 12

what did the gov do to help the middle class grow?

Answer 12

-built more railways
-set up factories
-provided oppurtunities for enterprisers

Question 13

what was life like for urban workers?

Answer 13

-returned to mir’s in harvest season
-conditions were grim and disease-stricken

Question 14

what were the urban reforms 1882-90

Answer 14

-child labour regulations
-work hour reductions
-hours women work at night
-reduction in excessive fines
-contributed very little to improving their lives

Question 15

what was the financial plan regarding the peasantry?

Answer 15

-force them to support industrialisation by exporting grain and increasing indirect taxation