Chapter 5

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT entirely a response of the innate immune system?

Answer 1

Antibody mediated complement activation

Question 2

Which of these characteristics are adaptive?

Answer 2

A, B, and C

Question 3

Which of these characteristics are innate?

Answer 3

A, B, and C

Question 4

A mixture of S. aureus and the enteric bacteria E. coli was placed onto the skin of the fingertips of a volunteer. The volunteer immediately touched one of their inoculated fingertips to nutrient agar plate #1 and then waited 30 minutes and touched a different inoculated finger to nutrient agar plate #2. After incubating the plates overnight, what pattern of growth would you expect to see on the plates?

Answer 4

Plate #1 grew both, while plate #2 grew only S. aureus.

Question 5

Where would you be LEAST likely to find significant levels of defensins?

Answer 5

The liver

Question 6

Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship? _______________ on _____________ recognize _________________ on ____________________.

Answer 6

PRRs; macrophages; PAMPs; pathogens

Question 7

Why are many opsonins multimeric?

Answer 7

Because they bind repeating structures on pathogen surfaces

Question 8

Which of the following are associated with damaged or dead cells?

Answer 8

All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following would you predict to result from a mutation in TLR-4 that prevents binding to LPS?

Answer 9

Decreased susceptibility to septic shock

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT usually induced in response to TLR signaling?

Answer 10

IL-4

Question 11

Where would you MOST likely find a TLR that recognizes RNA?

Answer 11

In the endosome/lysosome

Question 12

Which of the following adaptor proteins activate the NF-κB pathway?

Answer 12

MyD88

Question 13

Which cytokine is known for its anti-viral properties?

Answer 13

IFN-α

Question 14

C-reactive protein is a/an:

Answer 14

acute phase response protein.

Question 15

How do natural killer cells kill their targets?

Answer 15

By inducing apoptosis

Question 16

What types of cells are good targets for natural killer cells and why?

Answer 16

Virally infected cells because they have low levels of class I MHC

Question 17

Predict the clinical outcome of a genetic defect in IRAK4, a protein required for the MyD88 pathway.

Answer 17

Increased rates of bacterial infection

Question 18

Activation of dendritic cells with TLR4 or TLR5 results in the production of ________ that induces differentiation of CD4 T cells into __________.

Answer 18

IL-12; TH1

Question 19

Dendritic cells present _____________ antigens on class I MHC through a process known as cross presentation.

Answer 19

exogenous

Question 20

Activation of B cells with TLR rather than with T-cell help would result in the overall antibody response being:

Answer 20

more polyclonal.

Question 21

Which type of vaccine would MOST likely require an adjuvant?

Answer 21

Purified protein

Question 22

Which of the following defenses is MOST likely to protect a plant from a microbial pathogen?

Answer 22

Reactive-oxygen species