Chapter 1 Flashcards
Which is the best definition of “immunity”?
The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
It has weakened virulence.
Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity?
A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States. Several babies contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.
Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?
HIV
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
All of the above
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
T cells
Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?
They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
Which of the following is a fungal pathogen?
Candida albicans
Which of the following cell types is MOST commonly associated with recognizing antigens found inside of cells?
CTL
Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the germline?
PRR
What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance?
Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development.
Which of the following BEST describes chemokines?
Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area
Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune responses?
Innate responses are stronger during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during secondary responses.
How do memory cells develop?
T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become reactivated.
Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypersensitivity reaction?
Inflammation of the airways in response to pollen
