Chapter 3

Question 1

Which of the following types of bonds would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction?

Answer 1

Covalent bond

Question 2

Ka, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?

Answer 2

The affinity of receptor for ligand

Question 3

Receptors that are multivalent tend to bind to their ligands more strongly than receptors with a single binding site. What is the term used to describe this phenomenon?

Answer 3

Avidity

Question 4

Which of the following BEST describes how cytokines are released from activated T cells?

Answer 4

Cytokines are released near where T-cell receptors are clustered.

Question 5

Receptors that dimerize upon ligand binding often contain______________in their cytoplasmic domains.

Answer 5

tyrosine kinases

Question 6

Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of many immune receptors are targets for phosphorylation. These domains are known as:

Answer 6

ITAMs.

Question 7

Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the cell membrane that are enriched in:

Answer 7

cholesterol.

Question 8

Which of the following are well established ways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signaling pathways?

Answer 8

Both a and b

Question 9

Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship?

Answer 9

PIP2 = IP3 + DAG

Question 10

Which transcription factor becomes translocated to the nucleus downstream of calmodulin activation?

Answer 10

NFAT

Question 11

G proteins:

Answer 11

bind GTP.

Question 12

Which of the following is responsible for IL-2 expression in T cells?

Answer 12

All of the above

Question 13

Immunoglobulin domains consist of:

Answer 13

anti-parallel β-pleated sheets folded and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions.

Question 14

Antibodies consist of:

Answer 14

two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.

Question 15

Which of the following isotypes of antibodies is the largest?

Answer 15

IgM

Question 16

An antibody’s idiotype refers to:

Answer 16

the sequence of its CDR.

Question 17

Carbohydrate chains attached to the CH2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to:

Answer 17

provide space for complement protein binding.

Question 18

Whether an immunoglobulin is secreted or membrane bound is directly determined by:

Answer 18

mRNA splicing.

Question 19

Receptors that bind the constant regions of antibodies are known as:

Answer 19

Fc receptors.

Question 20

Large amounts of monoclonal antibodies in the serum of an individual might be an indicator

Answer 20

myeloma.

Question 21

Which of the following would be BEST for depleting an entire class of antibodies?

Answer 21

Anti-isotype antibodies

Question 22

Which of the following BEST describes why it is challenging for surface immunoglobulin to transduce a signal into the cell upon antigen binding?

Answer 22

The cytoplasmic domain of surface Ig only has three amino acids.

Question 23

Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for:

Answer 23

binding to antigen.

Question 24

Which of the following contains the MOST ITAMs?

Answer 24

CD3ζ

Question 25

CD4 binds to:

Answer 25

MHC class II

Question 26

The antigen specific component of the B-cell receptor is:

Answer 26

Igα/β.