Chapter 3 Flashcards
Which of the following types of bonds would be LEAST likely in a receptor-ligand interaction?
Covalent bond
Ka, the association constant, is a measure of which of the following?
The affinity of receptor for ligand
Receptors that are multivalent tend to bind to their ligands more strongly than receptors with a single binding site. What is the term used to describe this phenomenon?
Avidity
Which of the following BEST describes how cytokines are released from activated T cells?
Cytokines are released near where T-cell receptors are clustered.
Receptors that dimerize upon ligand binding often contain______________in their cytoplasmic domains.
tyrosine kinases
Portions of the cytoplasmic domains of many immune receptors are targets for phosphorylation. These domains are known as:
ITAMs.
Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the cell membrane that are enriched in:
cholesterol.
Which of the following are well established ways that tyrosine phosphorylation directly affects signaling pathways?
Both a and b
Which of the following is the CORRECT relationship?
PIP2 = IP3 + DAG
Which transcription factor becomes translocated to the nucleus downstream of calmodulin activation?
NFAT
G proteins:
bind GTP.
Which of the following is responsible for IL-2 expression in T cells?
All of the above
Immunoglobulin domains consist of:
anti-parallel β-pleated sheets folded and stabilized by hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies consist of:
two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.
Which of the following isotypes of antibodies is the largest?
IgM
An antibody’s idiotype refers to:
the sequence of its CDR.
Carbohydrate chains attached to the CH2 domains of IgA, IgD, and IgG are believed to:
provide space for complement protein binding.
Whether an immunoglobulin is secreted or membrane bound is directly determined by:
mRNA splicing.
Receptors that bind the constant regions of antibodies are known as:
Fc receptors.
Large amounts of monoclonal antibodies in the serum of an individual might be an indicator
myeloma.
Which of the following would be BEST for depleting an entire class of antibodies?
Anti-isotype antibodies
Which of the following BEST describes why it is challenging for surface immunoglobulin to transduce a signal into the cell upon antigen binding?
The cytoplasmic domain of surface Ig only has three amino acids.
Regions of TCRs and BCRs that are particularly variable in their amino acid sequences are known for:
binding to antigen.
Which of the following contains the MOST ITAMs?
CD3ζ
CD4 binds to:
MHC class II
The antigen specific component of the B-cell receptor is:
Igα/β.
