Chapter 5 Flashcards
point on the ranking scale of 0-100
percentile
biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth
head-sparing
great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop in an infant’s brain during the first 2 years of life
transient exuberance
when applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy & die
pruning
brain functions depend on particular, variable experiences & therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant
experience-dependent brain functions
brain functions require certain basic common experiences (which an infant can be expected to have) in order to develop normally
experience-expectant brain functions
life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken back & forth, a motion that ruptures blood vessels in the brain & breaks neural connections
shaken baby syndrome
bile passed w/in first hours after birth
meconium
secreted through breast milk w/in first few days containing antibodies to boost immune system
colostrum
inborn drive to remedy a developmental deficit; literally, to return to sitting or standing upright after being tipped over
self-righting
a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed lids, dreaming, & rapid brain waves
REM sleep
response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus
sensation
mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation
perception
ability to focus the 2 eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image
binocular vision
learned abilities to move some part of the body, in actions ranging from a large leap to a ticket of the eyelid
motor skills
physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking & jumping
gross motor skills
physical abilities involving small body movements, especially if the hands & fingers, such as drawing & picking up a coin
fine motor skill
primes the body’s immune system to resist a particular disease
immunization
when a person does not consume enough food to sustain normal growth
protein-calorie malnutrition
failure of children to grow to a normal height for their age due to severe & chronic malnutrition
stunting
tendency for children to be severely underweight for their age as a result of malnutrition
wasting
disease of severe protein-calorie malnutrition during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, & the infant eventually dies
marasmus
disease of chronic malnutrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, & influenza
kwashiorkor
situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between 2 & 6 months old, suddenly stops breathing & dies unexpectedly while asleep
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
first bowel movement a couple hours after birth
meconium
waxy substance that clings to lanugo prior to birth
vernix caseosa
soft hairs that grow on the surface of the fetus before birth to protect the skin
lanugo
