Chapter 5/3 Flashcards
Pericles Plan
Golden Age, a time of growth in artistic and educational learning in Athens. Pericles led during this time. Goals: Strengthen democracy, strengthen empire, and glory Athens.
Stronger Democracy
Increased the number of political officials and paid a salary. Even the poorest could serve. Athens was the most citizen engages city state in Greece. Direct democracy, government where citizens rule directly and not through representation.
Athenian Empire
Defeated Persians
Developed Delian League
Pericles used money in the league to make a strong navy
Needed waterways for trade
Used money to beatify Athens:gold, ivory marble
Parthenon was built, an artistic masterpiece built to honor Athena
Phidias was lead artisan built Athena sculpture
This idea of beauty of the human form created the a standard called classical art.
Drama
An art form with plays about leaders, justice and the Gods.
Wealthy payed for the plays.
Tragedy: serious drama about love, hate. Oresteia is based on th war f Troy
Comedy: slapstick and crude humor. The birds. People could listen to criticism about themselves.
Herodotus
Pioneered the accurate recordings of the times. His book on Persian wars is considered the first history book while Thucydides was the greatest historian.
Peloponnesian War
As Athens grew in wealth and power, Sparta felt threatened and wanted war. A war between the two city states. Athens had better navy, Sparta better army. Pericles wanted to wait and attack by sea but Sparta swept through Athens burning food supplies. The citizens gathered inside the walls for ships to bring food.
Year 2 a plague swept through Athens killing Pericles and many people. Athens continued to fight but finally signed a truce. Then Athens went to the city state of Syracruse trying to take over Spartas biggest allay. It was a defeat for Athens and by 404 BC the Athens Empire was lost.
Philosophers
Great thinkers or lovers of wisdom. Based their philosophy on,
The universe is put together in an orderly way with unchanging law.
People can understand these laws through logic and reasoning.
The Sophists questioned people’s belief in traditional values. Protagorus questioned the belief in the Gods. Man is the measure of all things.
Socrates believed that absolute standards did exist for justice but man should question his moral character. The I examined life is. It worth living. He was brought to trial for corrupting the youth and sentenced to death but drank hemlock.
Plato was a student of Socrotes. Wrote the Republic about a perfectly governed society. Not a democracy but three classes with a philosopher King.
Aristotle questioned the nature of the world and human belief, thought and knowledge. Basis of scientific method used today.
Socrates
Critic of the Sophists (questioned people’s beliefs in values. Protagonus questioned the existence of Gods). He believed in absolute standards for truth and justice and that Greeks should question their own morality. The unexamined life is not worth living. Was imprisoned for corrupting the youth but killed hi,self with hemlock.
Plato
Student of Socrates. Wrote the Republic where he talked of a perfect government one of three classes and a philosopher King.
Aristotle
Questioned the nature of the world and human belief. He invented a method of arguing according to the rules of logic. His work was the basis for physiology, physics and biology and is the basis for scientific method.
