Chapter 5/2 Flashcards
Changes in Greek life during the Dorian Decline
- Dorians and Mycenaens began to identify with the area where they lived and not their ancestors.
- Government changed from tribal to city-states.
Polis
City-states. Each controlled 50-500 miles of territory.
Acropolis
Hillside fortified where many would gather to discuss government.
Government
All within city-states
King was monarchy.
A small group of rulers called aristocracy, usually rich and who had served a king.
Oligarchy a government ruled by a few powerful people, those who did not like the Aristocracy.
Tyrants
In some city-states there were clashes with the common people. Sometimes nobles appealed to the common people to take over the government. The tyrants would supply things to the common people to get them on their side. Not cruel.
Athens Democracy
The city-states went through struggles between rich and poor. Athens made timely reforms toward democracy, ruled by the people.
Draco (Nobel) took power and said that all men are equal under the law.
He dealt harshly with criminal using death as a consequence.Depters also worked as slaves to pay off the debt.
Solo
Came into power and stated that no man should own another. Outlawed slavery. Organized 4 social classes. Citizens could bring forth wrong doers.
Cleisthenes
500 BC introduced further reforms. Broke up nobility by breaking down citizens by where they lived not their wealth. Council of five hundred, proposed laws and members were chosen at random.
Athenian Education
Only the sons of wealthy received education. Reading, grammar, poetry math and music. As they got older they were trained for the military.
Girls stayed home and learned about child rearing.
Sparta Military
Peloponnesus (Sparta)in southern Greece. Cut off from the rest by the gulf. It was a military state not a democracy. Took over Messenia and made the peasants helots or slaves to work the land. Took half of crops. The Messenarians revolted and Sparta became a strong city-state.
Sports
Held festivals to honor the Gods, Olympic Games held every four years. Women had festival for Hera.
Sparta Government
Had several branches who voted on issues. A council of elders, five elected officials and two kings.
Citizens included people who originated in area, free noncitizens, helots or workers that were close to slaves.
Sparta had the most powerful army. They did not value art and literature and were discouraged fro. Intellectual persuits. Valued strength. They were incourages to steal food to show strength. Women had great freedoms and service to Sparta was most important.
Persian Wars
Sparta-fear of helot uprising =military state.
Anthen- struggles between rich and poor=democracy
The creation of iron weapons made every man able to afford to defend.
Phalanx was a fighting formation where foot soldiers would stand with a spear and shield to shield others.
Between Greece and the Persian empire. The Persians conquered Ionia and when the people revolted, Athens sent reinforcements. Once the Greeks were defeated, the Persian King vowed revenge on Athens. They attacked but we’re not ready for this army.6000 Persians died while only 200 Athens.
Pheidippides
As Anthens conquered, a man was chosen to relay the news from Marathon to Athens so that reinforcements could be brought. He ran 26 miles and then died.
10 years later, Darius’s son assembles a great force to attack Athens. The city-states were decided. Some fought against the Persians while others fought with them.
Xerxes War
He went to a narrow path while being held by the Greeks. The Greeks held out O till all were killed, holding the Preisians back. This sacrifice of Greek soldiers I pressed the other Greeks. They decided to leave Athens and fight at sea. The big periasian boats could not turn in the small channel and they were defeated.
