Chapter 5 Flashcards
All except which of the following is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 BCE?
All elevated the value of humankind
Which was primarily a philosophical movement, rather than a religion focusing on the supernatural?
Confucianism
which of the following cultural traditions did not develop in china during the age of warring states
Buddhism
which of the following is the best definition of the Chinese philosophy known as legalism?
legalisms believed that social harmony could be created and maintained by clearly spelling out laws and strictly enforcing them through rewards and punishments.
Confucius believed that it was possible to restore social harmony in all except which of the following ways?
people should meditate on nature as the key means to restore their sense of balance with the world
which best expresses Confucian sentiments about women
women should maintain modesty and always yield to others
which is not an effect that Confucianism had on Chinese culture?
encouraged individualistic and natural behavior among the elite
belief in an underlying and unchanging principle that governs all natural phenomena is central to which of the following cultural traditions
daoism
which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Daoism and Confucianism, as understood by Chinese elites?
daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather than contradictory
what is true about Upanishads?
they put a priority on introspection instead of external ritual, form a body of works that seek to probe the inner meaning of the earlier Vedas & were a response to discontent as Brahmins claimed too much wealth and privilege thought their control of Vedic rituals
which of the following cultural traditions is most concerned with the imperfection and impermanence of human life
Buddhism
Buddhism shares all except which of the following teachings with Hinduism
the need for individuals to take responsibility for their own spiritual development
position of women as classical Buddhist nuns?
better than most women in Hinduism, but they were still restricted and subordinated to men
not a difference between Mahayana and Thervavada Buddhism?
unlike Theravada, Mahayana Buddhism instituted a formal priesthood whose rituals were meant to help people reach nirvana
which of the following was never an important element in Hinduism?
retreat from the world to an organized, communal religious life
which does not foretell a savior figure who will restore either individuals or the world itself to purity and peace
daoism
not a part of the distinctively Jewish conception of the divine?
belief tht god is part of the forces of nature and that he expresses himself through them
which cultural tradition is particularly noted for emphasis on logic and relentless questioning of relieved wisdom without giving much of a role to the gods
Greek philosophy
which comparison between teachings of Jesus and Buddha isn’t true
only Jesus stressed love of others as a central teaching
all except which helped Christianity spread in the Roman Empire
the widespread popularity of monotheism as a religious concept in the Roman Empire
belief that the ruler of china holds special divinely granted authority as long as he rules well
mandate of heaven
long period of chaos in china before a unified empire is called
age of warring states
who was the first emperor that unified china
shihuangdi
what Chinese philosophy advocated following the moral example of superiors as the way to restore social harmony
Confucianism
the Chinese teaching that eventually became the official ideology of the Chinese state was
Confucianism
what legendary figure is credited with founding daoism, a religious philosophy that encourages withdrawal from the world
laozi
what ancient Chinese concept expresses a belief in the unity of opposites
yin and yang
what describes the many varieties of Indian religion
Hinduism
poems prayers and rituals that are the earliest extant sacred texts of India
Vedas
“world soul”, the ultimate reality
Brahman
what holds a person who acts appropriately to his or her station in life will be born in a higher caste
law of karma
founder of Buddhism, Indian prince, known after enlightenment as Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama
what is a modified version of Buddhism that transformed Buddhism into a popular religion in the early centuries of common era
Mahayana
worship movement in Hinduism that focused on particular devotion to a single deity, such as Vishnu or shiva, chosen by the worshipper
bhakti
Persian religion known as Zoroastrianism that teaches a single benevolent god _________ is engaged in a cosmic struggle with the forces of evil
Ahura Mazda
first religion to develop the notion of a single transcendent god who acts within human history was
Judaism
what cultural tradition was defined by its emphasis on logic and the questioning of relieved wisdom
Greek
the first exemplar of Greek rationalism was the Athenian philosopher
Socrates
what historian applied Greek rationalism on his account of the Greco Persian wars, focusing on why the two side fought
Herodotus
what saint began the transformation of Christianity from a small Jewish sect to a world religion
Paul
