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Psych 1000 > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be detected 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

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2
Q

continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus

A

afterimage

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3
Q

height of a wave

A

amplitude

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4
Q

thin strip of tissue within the cochlea that contains the hair cells which serve as the sensory receptors for the auditory system

A

basilar membrane

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5
Q

two-eared cue to localize sound

A

binaural cue

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6
Q

cue that relies on the use of both eyes

A

binocular cue

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7
Q

slightly different view of the world that each eye receives

A

binocular disparity

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8
Q

point where we cannot respond to visual information in that portion of the visual field

A

blind spot

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9
Q

system in which perceptions are built from sensory input

A

bottom-up processing

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10
Q

organizing our perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

A

closure

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11
Q

fluid-filled, snail-shaped structure that contains the sensory receptor cells of the auditory system

A

cochlea

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12
Q

electronic device that consists of a microphone, a speech processor, and an electrode array to directly stimulate the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain

A

cochlear implant

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13
Q

failure in the vibration of the eardrum and/or movement of the ossicles

A

conductive hearing loss

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14
Q

specialized photoreceptor that works best in bright light conditions and detects color

A

cone

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15
Q

deafness from birth

A

congenital deafness

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16
Q

genetic disorder that results in the inability to experience pain

A

congenital insensitivity to pain (congenital analgesia)

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17
Q

transparent covering over the eye

A

cornea

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18
Q

partial or complete inability to hear

A

deafness

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19
Q

logarithmic unit of sound intensity

A

decibel (dB)

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20
Q

ability to perceive depth

A

depth perception

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21
Q

all the electromagnetic radiation that occurs in our environment

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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22
Q

segmenting our visual world into figure and ground

A

figure-ground relationship

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23
Q

small indentation in the retina that contains cones

A

fovea

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24
Q

number of waves that pass a given point in a given time period

A

frequency

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25
Q

field of psychology based on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts

A

Gestalt

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26
Q

(also, continuity) we are more likely to perceive continuous, smooth flowing lines rather than jagged, broken lines

A

good continuation

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27
Q

auditory receptor cell of the inner ear

A

hair cell

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28
Q

cycles per second; measure of frequency

A

hertz (HZ)

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29
Q

failure to notice something that is completely visible because of a lack of attention

A

inattentional blindness

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30
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the anvil

A

incus

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31
Q

signal that some type of tissue damage has occurred

A

inflammatory pain

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32
Q

sound coming from one side of the body is more intense at the closest ear because of the attenuation of the sound wave as it passes through the head

A

interaural level difference

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33
Q

small difference in the time at which a given sound wave arrives at each ear

A

interaural timing difference

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34
Q

colored portion of the eye

A

iris

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35
Q

difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli

A

just noticeable difference

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36
Q

perception of the body’s movement through space

A

kinaesthesia

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37
Q

curved, transparent structure that provides additional focus for light entering the eye

A

lens

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38
Q

perceive depth in an image when two parallel lines seem to converge

A

linear perspective

39
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the hammer

A

malleus

40
Q

touch receptor that responds to pressure and lower frequency vibrations

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

41
Q

results in a degeneration of inner ear structures that can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, and an increase in pressure within the inner ear

A

Ménière’s disease

42
Q

touch receptor that responds to light touch

A

Merkel’s disk

43
Q

one-eared cue to localize sound

A

monaural cue

44
Q

cue that requires only one eye

A

monocular cue

45
Q

pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or central nervous system

A

neuropathic pain

46
Q

sensory signal indicating potential harm and maybe pain

A

nociception

47
Q

bulb-like structure at the tip of the frontal lobe, where the olfactory nerves begin

A

olfactory bulb

48
Q

sensory cell for the olfactory system

A

olfactory receptor

49
Q

color is coded in opponent pairs: black-white, yellow-blue, and red-green

A

opponent-process theory of color perception

50
Q

X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface; represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes and the separation of information from the two sides of the visual field to the opposite side of the brain

A

optic chiasm

51
Q

carries visual information from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

52
Q

touch receptor that detects transient pressure and higher frequency vibrations

A

Pacinian corpuscle

53
Q

ability to discriminate among different figures and shapes

A

pattern perception

54
Q

(also, crest) highest point of a wave

A

peak

55
Q

way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

A

perception

56
Q

educated guess used to interpret sensory information

A

perceptual hypothesis

57
Q

chemical message sent by another individual

A

pheromone

58
Q

light-detecting cell

A

photoreceptor

59
Q

visible part of the ear that protrudes from the head

A

pinna

60
Q

perception of a sound’s frequency

A

pitch

61
Q

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies

A

place theory of pitch perception

62
Q

organize perceptions into complete objects rather than as a series of parts

A

principle of closure

63
Q

perception of body position

A

proprioception

64
Q

things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

A

proximity

65
Q

branch of psychology that studies the effects of physical stimuli on sensory perceptions and mental states

A

psychophysics

66
Q

small opening in the eye through which light passes

A

pupil

67
Q

behavioral tendency to respond “yes”

A

response bias

68
Q

light-sensitive lining of the eye

A

retina

69
Q

specialized photoreceptor that works well in low light conditions

A

rod

70
Q

touch receptor that detects stretch

A

Ruffini corpuscle

71
Q

what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

A

sensation

72
Q

the true ability of the individual to detect the presence or absence of signals

A

sensitivity

73
Q

failure to transmit neural signals from the cochlea to the brain

A

sensorineural hearing loss

74
Q

not perceiving stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time

A

sensory adaptation

75
Q

technique used to determine the ability of the perceiver to separate true signals from background noise

A

signal detection analysis

76
Q

things that are alike tend to be grouped together

A

similarity

77
Q

middle ear ossicle; also known as the stirrup

A

stapes

78
Q

events that occur below the absolute threshold and of which we are not conscious

A

subliminal stimuli

79
Q

grouping of taste receptor cells with hair-like extensions that protrude into the central pore of the taste bud

A

taste bud

80
Q

sound’s frequency is coded by the activity level of a sensory neuron

A

temporal theory of pitch perception

81
Q

temperature perception

A

thermoception

82
Q

sound’s purity

A

timbre

83
Q

interpretation of sensations is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts

A

top-down processing

84
Q

conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential

A

transduction

85
Q

color vision is mediated by the activity across the three groups of cones

A

trichromatic theory of color perception

86
Q

lowest point of a wave

A

trough

87
Q

eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

88
Q

taste for monosodium glutamate

A

umami

89
Q

spinning sensation

A

vertigo

90
Q

contributes to our ability to maintain balance and body posture

A

vestibular sense

91
Q

portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that we can see

A

visible spectrum

92
Q

length of a wave from one peak to the next peak

A

wavelength

93
Q
A

Psych 1000 (8 decks)

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