chapter 1

Question 1

a trait of an organism has a function for the survival and reproduction of the individual

Answer 1

adaptation

Question 2

professional organization representing psychologists in the United States

Answer 2

American Psychological Association (APA)

Question 3

focus on observing and controlling behavior

Answer 3

behaviorism

Question 4

study of how biology influences behavior

Answer 4

biopsychology

Question 5

perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health

Answer 5

biopsychosocial model

Question 6

area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

Answer 6

clinical psychology

Question 7

study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Answer 7

cognitive psychology

Question 8

area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

Answer 8

counselling psychology

Question 9

scientific study of development across a lifespan

Answer 9

developmental psychology

Question 10

long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

Answer 10

dissertation

Question 11

method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Answer 11

empirical method

Question 12

area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Answer 12

forensic psychology

Question 13

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Answer 13

functionalism

Question 14

perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans

Answer 14

humanism

Question 15

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Answer 15

introspection

Question 16

the process by which differences in an organism’s characteristics arise leading to better adaptation to their environment

Answer 16

natural selection

Question 17

-ology

Answer 17

the study of

Question 18

study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

Answer 18

personality psychology

Question 19

consistent pattern of thought and behavior

Answer 19

personality trait

Question 20

(Doctor of Philosophy) doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences

Answer 20

PhD

Question 21

allows programs and broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field

Answer 21

postdoctoral training program

Question 22

focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behavior

Answer 22

psychoanalytic theory

Question 23

scientific study of the mind and behavior

Answer 23

psychology

Question 24

(Doctor of Psychology) doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context

Answer 24

PsyD

Question 25

area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities

Answer 25

sport and exercise psychology

Question 26

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

Answer 26

structuralism