chapter 5 Flashcards
_____ is the process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behavior.
Motivation
_____ of motivation give primary consideration to variables within an individual that lead to motivation and behavior.
internal theories
Which of the following theories gives primary consideration to variables within an individual that lead to motivation
and behavior?
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Which of the following theories emphasizes the nature of the interaction between an individual and the environment?
Expectancy theory
_____ of motivation emphasize the nature of the interaction between an individual and the environment.
External theories
_____ of motivation focus on the elements in the environment, including the consequences of behavior, as the basis for
understanding and explaining people’s behavior at work.
External theories
The _____ encouraged hard work on the grounds that prosperous workers were more likely to find a place in heaven.
Protestant ethic
_____ is Freud’s method for delving into the unconscious mind to better understand a person’s motives and needs.
Psychoanalysis
Which of the following is true of psychoanalysis?
. It can help explain irrational and self-destructive behaviors such as suicide or workplace violence.
Identify a true statement about the psychoanalytic approach.
It helps explain deviant behavior at workplace.
The Scottish political economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith argued that a person’s self-interest:
did not aid to his or her productivity.
The Scottish political economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith argued that a person’s self-interest
was not determined by the government.
Adam Smith formulated the invisible hand and the free market to explain the motivation for individual behaviors. The
invisible hand refers to:
the unseen forces of a system that shape the most efficient use of people, money, and resources for productive
ends.
Which of the following statements is true of Adam Smith’s concept of self-interest?
He assumed that people are motivated by self-interest for economic gain.
Frederick Taylor, the founder of scientific management, examined labor efficiency and effectiveness. His goal was to
change:
the relationship between management and labor from one of conflict to one of cooperation
Frederick Taylor, the founder of scientific management, believed the basis of the conflict between the management
and the labor force of a firm was:
the difference in their productivities.
Modern management practices emphasize _____.
the use of differential piece-rate systems
Maslow’s theory of motivation focused on specifying people’s _____.
internal needs
The _____ is one of the levels of Maslow’s need hierarchy.
need for affiliation
A distinguishing feature of Maslow’s need hierarchy is the _____.
progression hypothesis
Maslow’s need hierarchy suggests that:
Maslow’s need hierarchy suggests that:
Managers can make the most of Maslow’s need hierarchy for success in their teams by
recognizing that each individual has a unique set of needs and therefore gearing incentives to meet various
needs
In the context of Maslow’s need hierarchy, which of the following is most likely an example of a physiological need?
The need for sleep
John, a corporate lawyer, works 80 hours a week. Because of his busy schedule, he doesn’t get enough sleep and that
has started to take a toll on his health. He asks his manager for a day off so that he could get some sleep. According to
Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, which of the following needs does John try to fulfill?
Physiological needs
In the context of Maslow’s need hierarchy, the need for security is most likely to be fulfilled by _____.
a good retirement plan
Drake, a technical support executive at Zenk Corp., has good managerial skills and a keen interest in organizing team
strategies. This earns him a promotion to a senior position where he manages a team of 40 people. According to Maslow’s
need hierarchy theory, which of the following needs is fulfilled for Drake?
The need for power
According to Douglas McGregor, the need for _____ is considered a lower-order need.
. social interaction
According to Douglas McGregor, the need for _____ is considered a higher-order need.
opportunities to work with higher-ups
McGregor’s Theory X assumptions are appropriate for:
employees motivated by lower-order needs.
McGregor’s Theory Y assumptions are appropriate for:
employees motivated by higher-order needs.
_____ organizes human needs into three basic categories: existence, relatedness, and growth
ERG theory
Clayton Alderfer classified Maslow’s physiological and physical safety needs in a(n) _____.
existence need category
Clayton Alderfer classified Maslow’s interpersonal safety, love, and interpersonal esteem needs in a(n) ____
relatedness need category
Alderfer’s growth need category encompasses Maslow’s _____
self-actualization and self-esteem needs
Clayton Alderfer’s regression hypothesis in ERG theory suggests that:
when people are frustrated by their inability to meet needs at the next higher level in the hierarchy, they
regress to the next lower category of needs.
Which of the following is true of Alderfer’s ERG theory?
It explains both progressive need gratification and regression when people face frustration
Which of the following is true of McClelland’s need theory of motivation?
It focuses on learned needs.
The need for achievement involves:
the determination to overcome difficulties.
According to McClelland, which of the following is true of people with a high need for achievement
They set goals that are moderately difficult yet achievable.
According to McClelland, people with a high need for achievement:
do not like having external events interfere with their progress.
