chapter 4 Flashcards
. _____ are psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.
Attitudes
Which of the following is true of attitudes?
They are closely linked to behavior.
. Identify a true statement about attitudes.
Attitudes are physiological tendencies that cause short-lived, intense mental responses to a mental event.
According to the ABC Model, _____ is the emotional component of an attitude.
affect
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, affect can be measured by:
using self-report questionnaires.
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, which of the following is true of affect
It can be measured by physiological indicators.
The statement “I like movies” reflects the _____ of an attitude.
affective component
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, affect can be most likely measured by a person’s _____.
blood pressure
Which of the following statements is true of a behavioral intent
It can only be measured by asking a person about behavior or intentions.
_____ is a component of an attitude that reflects a person’s perceptions or beliefs.
. Cognition
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, cognitive elements are measured by _____.
attitude scales
In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, the statement “I believe Germans are punctual” reflects the _____ of
an attitude.
cognitive component
Anything that disrupts the consistency between an individual’s attitudes and behaviors causes _____.
dissonance
_____ motivates individuals to change either their attitudes or their behavior to maintain consistency.
Dissonance
The tension produced by a conflict between attitudes and behavior is _____
cognitive dissonance
Abraham is a salesman who sells used cell phones as new ones. The phones are repackaged to make them look new.
Abraham does not like the idea of concealing information from his customers to sell the used phones and feels that it is
unethical. In this scenario, the tension created by this conflict between Abraham’s ethical principles and professional
pressures is _____.
cognitive dissonance
Syntax & Co., a waste management firm, announces that it has invented an environment-friendly machine to treat its
nuclear waste. Julie, a junior employee at the company, discovers that the waste is not being treated, but instead, it is
being dumped in a river outside the city. Julie believes that this is unethical and is not sure whether she should reveal this
information to the public. The tension caused by this conflict is called _____.
cognitive dissonance
. Holly has developed an aversion toward math. She always scores low grades in the subject. She feels that she can
never understand algebra, calculus, or geometry. It is evident that Holly’s attitude toward math is influenced by _____.
direct experience
_____ is the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.
Social learning
Children adopt certain attitudes when their parents reinforce attitudes they approve. This is an example of _____
social learning
Adam loves to watch football and supports The New York Giants, an American football team. Although Adam’s 12
year-old son doesn’t watch football, he supports the same team because of his father. It is evident that Adam’s son’s
preference is a result of _____.
social learning
Substantial social learning occurs through _____, in which individuals acquire attitudes by observing others.
modeling
Which of the following is true of the factors that affect attitude–behavior link
The more relevant the attitude, the stronger is its link to behavior.
The attitude–behavior link is stronger when:
the time between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior is short.
the time between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior is short.
The less specific the attitude, the stronger is its link to behavior.
Derek, a manager at a multinational investment firm in France, is transferred to the Indian office of the firm. He holds
a negative view of the work environment in the office in India as the office hours stretch beyond 6 p.m. This is
inconsistent with his attitude because in France, people work only till 6 p.m. Despite this, he is compelled to work beyond
6 p.m. as his colleagues have a positive attitude toward it. In the context of attitude–behavior correspondence, the factor
that leads to Derek’s compliant behavior is _____.
social constraints
_____ is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences.
Job satisfaction
In the context of job satisfaction, which of the following is true of dimensions of a job?
Employees’ pay is only marginally related to their job satisfaction.
Which of the following statements is true of job satisfaction?
It does not have a clear relationship with performance.
The key to influencing both satisfaction and performance through rewards is that the:
rewards are tied directly to performance.
Job satisfaction encourages _____, a behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty.
organizational citizenship behavior
Which of the following statements is true in the context of job satisfaction?
Satisfied employees are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors.
Which of the following is true of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)?
OCBs do not influence performance evaluation ratings.
Identify a true statement about organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs).
Affect tends to direct OCBs toward the organization.
Which of the following best describes a person–organization fit
It is the match between an individual’s values and an organization’s values.
Dissatisfied workers tend to:
drive up the organization’s cost of turnover.
Which of the following statements is true of dissatisfied workers in an organization?
They see a misfit between their values and the organization’s values.
. _____ can be defined as any voluntary, attitude-driven behavior that violates organizational norms and causes some
degree of harm to an organization, coworkers, or supervisors.
Counterproductive work behavior
Asterix Solutions, an IT firm, is downsizing to reduce its fixed costs. Erin, an employee at the firm, notices that
several competent employees are being laid off while those who are incompetent are being retained. Erin decides to take
revenge against her manager by sabotaging the project reports on her manager’s computer. Erin is engaging in _____.
counterproductive work behavior
To prevent and manage counterproductive work behavior (CWB), managers should:
encourage positive attitudes among employees.
