chapter 4

Question 1

. _____ are psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.

Answer 1

Attitudes

Question 2

Which of the following is true of attitudes?

Answer 2

They are closely linked to behavior.

Question 3

. Identify a true statement about attitudes.

Answer 3

Attitudes are physiological tendencies that cause short-lived, intense mental responses to a mental event.

Question 4

According to the ABC Model, _____ is the emotional component of an attitude.

Answer 4

affect

Question 5

In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, affect can be measured by:

Answer 5

using self-report questionnaires.

Question 6

In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, which of the following is true of affect

Answer 6

It can be measured by physiological indicators.

Question 7

The statement “I like movies” reflects the _____ of an attitude.

Answer 7

affective component

Question 8

In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, affect can be most likely measured by a person’s _____.

Answer 8

blood pressure

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of a behavioral intent

Answer 9

It can only be measured by asking a person about behavior or intentions.

Question 10

_____ is a component of an attitude that reflects a person’s perceptions or beliefs.

Answer 10

. Cognition

Question 11

In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, cognitive elements are measured by _____.

Answer 11

attitude scales

Question 12

In the context of the ABC model of an attitude, the statement “I believe Germans are punctual” reflects the _____ of
an attitude.

Answer 12

cognitive component

Question 13

Anything that disrupts the consistency between an individual’s attitudes and behaviors causes _____.

Answer 13

dissonance

Question 14

_____ motivates individuals to change either their attitudes or their behavior to maintain consistency.

Answer 14

Dissonance

Question 15

The tension produced by a conflict between attitudes and behavior is _____

Answer 15

cognitive dissonance

Question 16

Abraham is a salesman who sells used cell phones as new ones. The phones are repackaged to make them look new.
Abraham does not like the idea of concealing information from his customers to sell the used phones and feels that it is
unethical. In this scenario, the tension created by this conflict between Abraham’s ethical principles and professional
pressures is _____.

Answer 16

cognitive dissonance

Question 17

Syntax & Co., a waste management firm, announces that it has invented an environment-friendly machine to treat its
nuclear waste. Julie, a junior employee at the company, discovers that the waste is not being treated, but instead, it is
being dumped in a river outside the city. Julie believes that this is unethical and is not sure whether she should reveal this
information to the public. The tension caused by this conflict is called _____.

Answer 17

cognitive dissonance

Question 18

. Holly has developed an aversion toward math. She always scores low grades in the subject. She feels that she can
never understand algebra, calculus, or geometry. It is evident that Holly’s attitude toward math is influenced by _____.

Answer 18

direct experience

Question 19

_____ is the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.

Answer 19

Social learning

Question 20

Children adopt certain attitudes when their parents reinforce attitudes they approve. This is an example of _____

Answer 20

social learning

Question 21

Adam loves to watch football and supports The New York Giants, an American football team. Although Adam’s 12
year-old son doesn’t watch football, he supports the same team because of his father. It is evident that Adam’s son’s
preference is a result of _____.

Answer 21

social learning

Question 22

Substantial social learning occurs through _____, in which individuals acquire attitudes by observing others.

Answer 22

modeling

Question 23

Which of the following is true of the factors that affect attitude–behavior link

Answer 23

The more relevant the attitude, the stronger is its link to behavior.

Question 24

The attitude–behavior link is stronger when:

Answer 24

the time between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior is short.

Question 25

the time between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior is short.

Answer 25

The less specific the attitude, the stronger is its link to behavior.

Question 26

Derek, a manager at a multinational investment firm in France, is transferred to the Indian office of the firm. He holds
a negative view of the work environment in the office in India as the office hours stretch beyond 6 p.m. This is
inconsistent with his attitude because in France, people work only till 6 p.m. Despite this, he is compelled to work beyond
6 p.m. as his colleagues have a positive attitude toward it. In the context of attitude–behavior correspondence, the factor
that leads to Derek’s compliant behavior is _____.

Answer 26

social constraints

Question 27

_____ is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences.

Answer 27

Job satisfaction

Question 28

In the context of job satisfaction, which of the following is true of dimensions of a job?

Answer 28

Employees’ pay is only marginally related to their job satisfaction.

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of job satisfaction?

Answer 29

It does not have a clear relationship with performance.

Question 30

The key to influencing both satisfaction and performance through rewards is that the:

Answer 30

rewards are tied directly to performance.

Question 31

Job satisfaction encourages _____, a behavior that is above and beyond the call of duty.

Answer 31

organizational citizenship behavior

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true in the context of job satisfaction?

Answer 32

Satisfied employees are more likely to engage in organizational citizenship behaviors.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)?

Answer 33

OCBs do not influence performance evaluation ratings.

Question 34

Identify a true statement about organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs).

Answer 34

Affect tends to direct OCBs toward the organization.

Question 35

Which of the following best describes a person–organization fit

Answer 35

It is the match between an individual’s values and an organization’s values.

Question 36

Dissatisfied workers tend to:

Answer 36

drive up the organization’s cost of turnover.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is true of dissatisfied workers in an organization?

Answer 37

They see a misfit between their values and the organization’s values.

Question 38

. _____ can be defined as any voluntary, attitude-driven behavior that violates organizational norms and causes some
degree of harm to an organization, coworkers, or supervisors.

Answer 38

Counterproductive work behavior

Question 39

Asterix Solutions, an IT firm, is downsizing to reduce its fixed costs. Erin, an employee at the firm, notices that
several competent employees are being laid off while those who are incompetent are being retained. Erin decides to take
revenge against her manager by sabotaging the project reports on her manager’s computer. Erin is engaging in _____.

Answer 39

counterproductive work behavior

Question 40

To prevent and manage counterproductive work behavior (CWB), managers should:

Answer 40

encourage positive attitudes among employees.