chapter 3

Question 1

a proposition of interactional psychology?

Answer 1

One of the important aspects of a person’s situation is the person’s own subjective view of that situation.

Question 2

The interactional psychology approach points out the need to study both persons and situations. The situation includes
_____.

Answer 2

environmental influences

Question 3

According to Charles Spearman, which of the following is the single best predictor of work performance across many
occupations and across different cultures?

Answer 3

General mental ability

Question 4

_____ is a relatively stable set of characteristics that influences an individual’s behavior.

Answer 4

Personality

Question 5

a determinant of personality?

Answer 5

Heredity

Question 6

. _____ is a personality theory that advocates breaking down behavior patterns into a series of observable characteristics
in order to understand human behavior.

Answer 6

Trait theory

Question 7

In the context of the Big Five traits, a person who is _____ is calm, self-confident, and cool, as opposed to insecure,
anxious, and depressed.

Answer 7

emotionally stable

Question 8

is true of introverted and conscientious employees?

Answer 8

They are less likely to be absent from work.

Question 9

In the context of personality traits, which of the following traits can be classified under the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 9

Agreeableness

Question 10

In the context of the Big Five personality traits, across many occupations, _____ people are more motivated and
perform better than others.

Answer 10

conscientious

Question 11

During peer evaluations at work, John tends to rate his subordinates strictly. John’s behavior suggests that he most
likely has:

Answer 11

high conscientiousness

Question 12

Jean, an HR manager at Clintelcom, is tasked with hiring 10 customer service executives for the company. Which of
the following candidates should Jean give preference to?

Answer 12

Candidates with high agreeableness and openness

Question 13

is true of highly conscientious people?

Answer 13

They pay too much attention to small, trivial details.

Question 14

_____ describes personality as a composite of an individual’s psychological processes

Answer 14

Integrative approach

Question 15

_____ involves a broad set of personality traits that articulates an individual’s concept of himself or herself.

Answer 15

Core self-evaluation

Question 16

A recent study showed that individuals with _____ and strong networking abilities also had higher income.

Answer 16

high core self-evaluation

Question 17

A(n) _____ is a situation that overwhelms the effects of individual personalities by providing strong cues for
appropriate behavior.

Answer 17

strong situation

Question 18

An individual’s generalized belief about internal control versus external control is called _____.

Answer 18

locus of control

Question 19

In an organization, people with an internal locus of control:

Answer 19

prefer participative management styles.

Question 20

People with an external locus of control:

Answer 20

appreciate more structured work settings.

Question 21

Managers who supervise individuals with an internal locus of control should:

Answer 21

give them considerable voice in how work is performed.

Question 22

Which of the following statements is true of employees with high general self-efficacy?

Answer 22

They have more confidence in their job-related abilities.

Question 23

Ben was offered a promotion to the role of delivery head of the Content Management department. However, he
believed that he was not capable of carrying out the role. Despite numerous attempts by Ben’s manager to persuade him,
Ben rejected the promotion. From the given scenario, it can be inferred that Ben most likely has _____.

Answer 23

low self-efficacy

Question 24

Which of the following is one of the most important determinants of an individual’s self-efficacy?

Answer 24

Previous performance

Question 25

_____ is an individual’s general feeling of self-worth.

Answer 25

Self-esteem

Question 26

Ritchie and Maddox are students pursuing a course in organizational behavior. Ritchie outperforms Maddox in the
first exam. Maddox believes that their exam performances should not be compared as Ritchie is a psychology major while
Maddox is an accounting major. Given this information, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for
Maddox’s reaction?

Answer 26

He has high self-esteem

Question 27

Which of the following is true of individuals with low self-esteem?

Answer 27

They are strongly affected by what other people think of them.

Question 28

Janet, a high-school teacher, hates being criticized about her work. She dislikes the students who give her negative
feedback. Janet’s behavior depicts _____.

Answer 28

low self-esteem

Question 29

Managers can encourage employees to raise their self-esteem by

Answer 29

giving them appropriate challenges and opportunities for success.

Question 30

Which of the following is true of individuals with inflated self-esteem?

Answer 30

They brag inappropriately when they find themselves in stressful situations.

Question 31

_____ is the extent to which people base their behavior on cues from other people and situations.

Answer 31

Self-monitoring

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of low self-monitors?

Answer 32

They behave consistently across situations.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of managers who are high self-monitors?

Answer 33

They are good at reading their employees’ needs.

Question 34

Individuals who, in general, focus on the good aspects of themselves, other people, and the world are said to have
_____.

Answer 34

positive affect

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true of employees with positive affect?

Answer 35

They have fewer absentee days.

Question 36

Managers can encourage positive affect in employees by:

Answer 36

allowing people to participate in decision making.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of proactive personalities

Answer 37

They show initiative, take action, and persevere until they effect change.

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of a personality measurement tool that elicits an individual’s response to
abstract stimuli?

Answer 38

The Rorschach ink blot test

Question 39

In the context of personality measurement tools, which of the following is a drawback of projective tests?

Answer 39

The assessor might apply her or his own biases in interpreting the information about an individual’s
personality.

Question 40

Which of the following is most true of behavioral measures of personality?

Answer 40

They examine an individual’s behavior in a controlled situation.