chapter 2 Flashcards
a major challenge that
managers must overcome to remain competitive
Globalizing their firm’s operations
_____ is a major challenge that managers must
overcome to remain competitive.
leading a diverse workforce
competing in the global economy, globalization suggests that
the world is free from national boundaries and is borderless.
What were once called multinational organizations are now referred to as _____, indicating that the global viewpoint
supersedes national issues.
transnational organizations
is most likely true of transnational organizations?
They employ a multicultural mix of workers.
_____ is the Chinese practice of building networks for social exchange.
Guanxi
Many Chinese use guanxi, or personal connections,
conduct business or obtain jobs.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA):
reduced trade barriers among United States, Canada, and Mexico
The _____ eliminated the heavy tariffs placed by Mexico on U.S. exports and provided that the remaining tariffs be
phased out over time.
North American Free Trade Agreement
Cultural differences between _____ are perceived as microcultural differences.
two generations of Japanese people
_____ are managers who work in a country other than their home country.
Expatriate managers
. _____ is a cultural orientation in which people belong to loose social frameworks and their primary concern is for
themselves and their families.
Individualism
John is from a culture in which the social framework is loose. Instead of being loyal to his organization, he solely
focuses on his own goals and his family’s well-being. It is evident that John belongs to a culture where _____
predominates.
. individualism
_____ is a cultural orientation in which individuals belong to tightly knit social frameworks and depend strongly on
extended families or clans.
Collectivism
Martha is from a culture that has a tightly knit social framework. She is a part of a non-governmental organization in
which the members strongly depend on each other and value group decisions. It is evident that Martha belongs to a culture
that is characterized by _____.
collectivism
true of collectivistic managers
seek to fit harmoniously within a group.
. _____ is the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
Power distance
true in countries with high power distance?
Titles are used.
In countries with a high-power distance, _____.
formality is the rule
true in societies with low power distance
People believe in minimizing inequality.
In societies with low power distance, _____.
. managers and employees judge each other on a basis of equality
Unlike in societies with a high power distance, in societies with a low power distance, _____
managers are given authority only if they have expertise
_____ is the degree to which a culture tolerates ambiguity.
Uncertainty avoidance
People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance:
tend to avoid conflict
is true of people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance?
They tend to seek consensus.
People in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance:
tolerate ambiguity better.
true of people in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance?
They are comfortable with individual differences.
Unlike people in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people in cultures with a low uncertainty avoidance _____.
see conflict as constructive
. _____ is a cultural orientation in which assertiveness and materialism are valued.
. Masculinity
is true of cultures characterized by traditional masculinity?
Achievement is admired.
In cultures characterized by traditional masculinity, _____.
men should be decisive
In cultures characterized by traditional femininity, _____.
men and women are expected to assume both assertive and nurturing roles
_____ is defined as all forms of difference among individuals, including culture, gender, age, ability, religion,
personality, social status, and sexual orientation.
. Diversity
Diversity has garnered increasing attention in recent years largely because:
of demographic changes in the working population.
Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because of the need to:
motivate varied work groups.
Managers feel that dealing with diversity is a paramount concern because managers
must communicate with employees who have different values.
In the context of ethnic diversity, which of the following statements is true of African American workers and Hispanic
American workers in the United States?
A majority of them have had schooling.
In the context of the U.S. workforce, minority workers are less likely to be prepared to face severe economic
difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because:
they are less likely to have had satisfactory schooling.
African American workers and Hispanic American workers in the United States are less likely to be prepared to face
severe economic difficulties and high crime rates in large cities because:
they have not had satisfactory on-the-job training.
The globalization of business and changing demographic trends present organizations with a culturally diverse
workforce, creating the challenge:
to harness the wealth of differences provided by cultural diversity
