Chapter 5 Flashcards
enzymes:
A) are biologic catalysts
B) are protein-containing compounds
C) lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions
D) work optimally at a specific pH
E) All of the answer choices are correct
E
Working with yeast juice, _____________ discovered that an unstable substance in the
cozymase filtrate degraded sugar; the energizing substance contained the nitrogen-
containing compound adenine linked to the sugar ribose and three phosphate groups
now known as ATP.
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Claude Bouchard
C) Arthur Harden
D) Eduard Buchner
E) Karl Lohmann
E
(n) ____________ is a substance that donates or loses electrons when oxidized.
A) substrate
B) enzyme
C) oxidizing agent
D) reducing agent
D
The passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient is known as:
A) osmosis
B) endocytosis
C) diffusion
D) coupled transport
C
____ minimize change in H+ concentration.
A) acids
B) bases
C) buffers
D) neutralizers
C
the chemical reactions of glycolysis:
A) require oxygen
B) do not require oxygen
C) produce large amounts of ATP
D) are essentially aerobic
E) cause the release of nitrogen
B
________ is an oxidizing agent.
A) oxygen
B) hydrogen
C) NAD+
D) ATP
E) All of the answer choices are correct
A
Freeing ________ atoms during the Krebs cycle is one of the most important chemical
events in energy metabolism.
A) nitrogen
B) carbon
C) oxygen
D) hydrogen
D
________ provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy.
A) ADP and PCr
B) ADP, AMP, and PCr
C) ATP and PCr
D) ATP, ADP, AMP, and PCr
C
Oxygen’s primary role in the aerobic resynthesis of ATP is as a(n):
A) reducing agent
B) oxidizing agent
C) proton acceptor
D) substrate
E) All of the answer choices are correc
B
Aerobic energy from glucose catabolism occurs via the:
A) glycolytic pathway
B) gluconeogenic pathway
C) Cori cycle
D) Krebs cycle-electron transport pathway
D
he first law of thermodynamics, as it related to physiologic systems, dictates that
energy is:
A) absorbed
B) consumed
C) produced
D) transformed
D
Aerobic energy from glucose catabolism occurs via the:
A) glycolytic pathway
B) gluconeogenic pathway
C) Cori cycle
D) Krebs cycle-electron transport pathway
D
ellular oxidation occurs at which of the following sites?
A) cytosol
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) respiratory vacuole
D) cytoplasm
E) None of the answer choices are correct.
E
The end product of aerobic glycolysis is:
A) lactate
B) acetyl-CoA
C) pyruvate
D) oxaloacetate
C
Citrate is produced in the citric acid cycle when:
A) oxaloacetate combines with acetyl-CoA
B) pyruvate combines with coenzyme A
C) coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate
D) pyruvate combines with oxaloacetate
A
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs:
A) only within the endoplasmic reticulum
B) only within the mitochondrion
C) only in glycolysis
D) in glycolysis and citric acid cycle metabolism
D
net gain of _____ ATP molecules forms during substrate-level phosphorylation in
glycolysis:
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 36
A
Which of the following statements about carbohydrate is TRUE?
A) It is the only macronutrient whose stored energy is used to regenerate ATP
aerobically.
B) It supplies about one-quarter of the body’s energy requirements during heavy
exercise.
C) It serves as a metabolic primer for protein breakdown.
D) Processing fat for energy through the metabolic mill requires some carbohydrate
catabolism.
E) All of the answer choices are true
D
A rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme is:
A) amylase
B) oxidative kinase
C) aldolase
D) phosphofructokinase
E) lactate kinase
D
Which of the following are components of aerobic metabolism?
A) citric acid cycle
B) electron transport
C) oxidative phosphorylation
D) citric acid cycle and electron transport
E) citric acid cycle, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylatio
E
Degrading complex organic molecules to simpler form is called:
A) anabolism
B) condensation
C) hydrolysis
D) reduction
E) oxidation
C
The location of the biochemical substrate converted to a chemically different product is
the:
A) coenzyme activation site
B) enzyme active site
C) proton conservation site
D) substrate-product complex site
E) None of the answer choices are correct
B
True or false? Glucose cannot form from the 2-carbon acetyl fragments from -
oxidation of fatty acids.
A) True
B) False
TRUE
true or false? Reduction involves a loss of electrons.
A) True
B) False
TRUE
True or false? Diffusion is an energy-requiring process.
A) True
B) False
FALSE
rue or false? Direct calorimetry involves the biopsy of small tissue fragments.
A) True
B) False
FALSE
rue or false? Pyruvate plus 2 hydrogen atoms produces oxaloacetate.
A) True
B) False
FALSE
True or false? FAD acts as a reducing agent.
A) True
B) False
FALSE
True or false? Lactic acid formation is an irreversible chemical reaction.
A) True
B) False
FALSE
