chapter 2

Question 1

The most common form of simple carbohydrate in the diet:
A) contains 5 carbon atoms and is called pentose
B) contains 4 carbon atoms and is called tetrose
C) contains 6 carbon atoms and is called hexose
D) contains 3 carbon atoms and is called triose

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Glucose in the body can be:
A) used directly by the cell for energy
B) stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver
C) converted to lipid for energy storage
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The “insulin antagonist” hormone is called:
A) epinephrine
B) glucagon
C) thyroxine
D) aldosterone

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Lipids:
A) have a basic molecular formula of C6H12O6
B) are fatty acid chains of different lengths
C) are placed into one of two groups: simple lipids or derived lipids
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which of the following is a rich dietary source of saturated fatty acids?
A) peanut butter
B) corn oil
C) palm kernel oil
D) cold-water fish

Answer 5

C

Question 6

Cholesterol is important to good health because:
A) it is a component in the synthesis of bile
B) it inhibits the synthesis of estrogen, androgen, and progesterone
C) it facilitates glucose transport into cells
D) it is a precursor in synthesizing vitamin E

Answer 6

A

Question 7

Glucose is synthesized from _____ in the process known as ______.
A) glycerol; glycogenolysis
B) glycogen; glycolysis
C) amino acids; gluconeogenesis
D) lactic acid; glycolysis

Answer 7

C

Question 8

mino acids are to protein as:
A) water-soluble fiber is to water-insoluble fiber
B) vitamins are to minerals
C) glucose is to glycogen
D) cholesterol is to lipids

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Cholesterol is:
A) a component of bile
B) an important component of the cell’s plasma membrane
C) a precursor in synthesizing vitamin D
D) used to help form tissues, organs, and body structures during fetal development
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 9

E

Question 10

Lipoproteins:
A) constitute the main form of blood lipid transport
B) are comprised primarily of unsaturated fatty acids
C) are either water soluble or lipid soluble
D) are the main form of lipid in the body

Answer 10

A

Question 11

he main energy fuel during light and moderate exercise is:
A) lipid
B) protein
C) lipoprotein
D) carbohydrate

Answer 11

A

Question 12

the process of shifting an amino group from a donor amino acid to a keto acid is called:
A) gluconeogenesis
B) translocation
C) transamination
D) deamination

Answer 12

C

Question 13

Urea is formed as a consequence of:
A) amino acid transamination
B) protein anabolism
C) protein catabolism
D) increasing lipid intake to reduce protein solubility

Answer 13

C

Question 14

the reconversion of glycogen to glucose is called:
A) deamination
B) gluconeogenesis
C) glycogenolysis
D) transamination
E) None of the answer choices correct.

Answer 14

C

Question 15

luconeogenesis converts:
A) glycogen to glucose
B) amino acids to glucose
C) glucose to glycerol
D) glucose to sugar
E) None of the answer choices are correct

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Women on vegetarian-type diets:
A) have a higher risk of developing iron insufficiency
B) have a lower risk of developing iron insufficiency
C) need to decrease their intake of vitamin C-rich foods
D) need to increase their intake of lipid-soluble vitamins to increase heme iron
absorption

Answer 16

A

Question 17

astric emptying is enhanced if the fluid ingested is:
A) warm
B) high in osmolality
C) small in volume
D) contains greater than 30% glucose
E) None of the answer choices are correct

Answer 17

E

Question 18

Complete cessation of the menstrual cycle is called:
A) oligomenorrhea
B) eumenorrhea
C) amenorrhea
D) menses
E) substrate-level synthesis

Answer 18

C

Question 19

Current scientific evidence indicates that only about ____% of blood cholesterol level
comes from dietary intake. The liver produces the rest of the body’s cholesterol.
A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Answer 19

B

Question 20

______ increases kidney tubule water reabsorption.
A) aldosterone
B) ADH
C) TSH
D) oxytocin

Answer 20

A

Question 21

mineral that most Americans consume in excess of daily needs is:
A) calcium
B) iodine
C) iron
D) sodium

Answer 21

D

Question 22

the latest systematic reviews of the worldwide literature report that which of the
following about multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplementation in healthy populations is
TRUE?
A) MVM supplementation had only a modest protective effect on all-cause mortality,
cancer incidence or mortality, or cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality.
B) MVM supplementation duration made a significant difference in disease status.
C) The benefits of MVM supplementation were most apparent among the healthy
elderly.
D) All of the answer choices are correct.

Answer 22

A

Question 23

n average, how much protein do vegetarians (semivegetarians, pescovegetarians,
ovolactovegetarians, vegans) consume in their daily diets?
A) 30 g · d-1
B) 40 g · d-1
C) 50 g · d-1
D) +70 g · d-

Answer 23

D

Question 24

True or false? Water-soluble fiber has a lowering effect on LDL cholesterol.
A) True
B) False

Answer 24

TRUE

Question 25

rue or false? The insulin index compares the insulin response of different foods
administered as a standard 1000-kJ portion with 220-mL water, with white bread as the
reference food.
A) True
B) False

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

rue or false? Per unit weight, carbohydrates contain more energy than lipids.
A) True
B) False

Answer 26

FALSE

Question 27

True or false? An athlete in heavy training generally has greater difficulty obtaining
adequate calories on a vegetarian diet compared to a non-vegetarian diet.
A) True
B) False

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

rue or false? A physically active person should consume about 40% of total caloric
intake as carbohydrates.
A) True
B) False

Answer 28

false

Question 29

true or false? One of carbohydrate’s major roles in the body is anabolism.
A) True
B) False

Answer 29

false

Question 30

true or false? Deamination refers to the transfer of an amino group to a non-nitrogen
containing carbon compound.
A) True
B) False

Answer 30

false