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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three accessory structures of the integumentary system?

A

Hair and follicles, exocrine glands, nails

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2
Q

What do sensory receptors in the dermis pick up?

A

Touch, pressure, temperature, pain

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3
Q

What does the subcutaneous layer do?

A

Separates skin from underlying organs

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4
Q

What do exocrine glands do?

A

Excrete salts, water, and organic waste

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5
Q

What two main things does the integumentary system produce?

A

Melanin and keratin

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6
Q

Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?

A

Avascular, relies on diffusion

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7
Q

What cells dominate the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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8
Q

What are the two types of skin? What is the difference between them?

A

Thin skin and thick skin, thick skin has an extra layer (squamous lucidum)

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9
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

A

Stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, (lucidum), corneum

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10
Q

What cells do the stratum basale have?

A

Basal cells that produce keratinocytes

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11
Q

What is the point of epidermal ridges?

A

To interlock with dermal papillae for stability

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12
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

Tactile cells

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13
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Stratum basale

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14
Q

Is the stratum granulosum alive?

A

No

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15
Q

What causes granules?

A

Keratohyalin

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16
Q

What is the stratum corneum made of?

A

Dead cells

17
Q

About how long does it take from cells to move from deep to superficial?

A

About 7 to 10 days

18
Q

How long do cells stay in the corneum before being shed?

A

About 2 weeks

19
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular

20
Q

What is the papillary layer composed of?

A

Areolar tissue

21
Q

What does the papillary layer contain?

A

Capillaries, lymphatic vessels, sensory neurons

22
Q

What is the reticular layer composed of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

23
Q

What are tension lines?

A

Patterns produced by the parallel bundles of collagen and elastic fibers

24
Q

Why are tension lines important in the medical field?

A

Cuts parallel to them tend to heal better than cuts perpendicular

25
Q

What is the hypodermis composed of?

A

Adipose tissue

26
Q

What are the two pigments in the skin?

A

Melanin and carotene

27
Q

What are melanosomes destroyed by?

A

Lysosomes

28
Q

What causes difference in skin color?

A

In lighter skin, melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the two deepest layers of the skin, and are destroyed by lysosomes. In darker skin, melanosomes are transferred to keratinocytes in the two superficial layers of skin, making pigment visible.

29
Q

What happens with melanin in albinism?

A

Distribution of melanocytes are normal, but the body is unable to produce melanin.

30
Q

What does melanin do?

A

Protects skin from UV rays

31
Q

What is the point of the arrector pili muscle?

A

Goosebumps

32
Q

What allows sensory reception in hair?

A

Root plexus of sensory nerves

33
Q

What anchors hair to the skin?

A

Hair root

34
Q

What are the three layers of hair from inside to out?

A

Medulla, cortex, cuticle

35
Q

What do sebacous glands produce?

A

Oily lipid secretion called sebum for hair follicles

36
Q

What does sebum do?

A

Inhibit bacterial growth, lubrication and protection of hair shaft, conditions surrounding skin

37
Q

What do aprocrine sweat glands do?

A

Secrete thick, potentially odorous sweat into hair follicles

38
Q

What do eccrine sweat glands do?

A

Secrete sweat directly onto skin surface, more numerous than apocrine sweat glands

39
Q

What is the puropse of sweat?

A

Cooling skin surface to lower body temperature, flush microorganisms off the skin surface, antibiotic properties

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (6 decks)

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