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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first level of organization?

A

chemical level

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2
Q

what is the second level of organization?

A

cellular level

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3
Q

what is the third level of organization?

A

tissue level

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4
Q

what is the fourth level of organization?

A

organ level

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5
Q

what is the fifth level of organization?

A

organ system level

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6
Q

what is the sixth level of organization?

A

organismal level

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7
Q

what are the six levels of organization in order?

A

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

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8
Q

what is the anatomical position?

A

legs together, arms out to side, palms forward

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9
Q

what is the other word for anterior?

A

ventral

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10
Q

what is the other word for posterior?

A

dorsal

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11
Q

the toes are ________________ to the heel

A

anterior/ventral

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11
Q

what is another word for superior?

A

cranial

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12
Q

the back of the knee is ________________ to the patella

A

posterior/dorsal

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13
Q

what is another word for inferior?

A

caudal

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14
Q

the head is ________________ to the chest

A

superior/cranial

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15
Q

the coccyx is _______________ to the abdomen

A

inferior/caudal

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16
Q

further from midline

A

laterial

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17
Q

the thumb is _______ to the fingers

A

lateral

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18
Q

towards the midline

A

medial

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19
Q

the big toe is the ______ toe

A

medial

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20
Q

towards the attachment point; ONLY LIMBS

A

proximal

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21
Q

the upper arm is ________ to the forearm

A

proximal

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22
Q

away from the attachment point; ONLY LIMBS

A

distal

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23
Q

the hand is ______ to the forearm

A

distal

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24
Q

closer to the surface

A

superficial

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25
Q

the skin is ___________ to the muscles

A

superficial

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26
Q

towards the interior

A

deep

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27
Q

the bones are ____ to the skin

A

deep

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28
Q

face down orientation

A

prone

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29
Q

face up orientation

A

supine

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30
Q

single view/slice on a plane; used for scans

A

section

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31
Q

what is another word for the frontal plane?

A

coronal plane

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32
Q

what divides something into anterior and posterior parts?

A

frontal/coronal plane

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33
Q

what vertically divides a structure into right and left sides?

A

saggital plane

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34
Q

what scan goes right down the middle?

A

midsaggital scan

35
Q

what scan does NOT go right down the middle?

A

parasaggital scan

36
Q

what horizontally divides a structure into superior and inferior portions?

A

transverse plane

37
Q

what is a closed, fluid-filled space in the body?

A

body cavity

38
Q

what is a body cavity lined with?

A

serous membrane

39
Q

what are organs also called?

A

viscera

40
Q

what is the purpose of body cavities?

A

protect viscera, allow for movement, absorb shock

41
Q

what serous membrane covers the organs?

A

visceral serosa

42
Q

what serous membrane lines the inner surface of the body wall?

A

parietal serosa

43
Q

what is in between the two layers of serosa?

A

serous fluid

44
Q

what is the purpose of serous fluid?

A

moisten membranes, reduce friction during organ movements

45
Q

what body cavity is deep to the chest wall?

A

thoracic cavity

46
Q

what divides the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A

diaphragm

47
Q

what is the purpose of the diaphragm?

A

allows for respiration

48
Q

what cavities in the thoracic cavity surroounds the lungs?

A

left and right pleural cavities

49
Q

what cavity in the thoracic cavity surrounds the heart?

A

pericardial cavity

50
Q

what is the mass of connective tissue that supports the trachea, esophagus, thymus, and major blood vessels of the heart?

A

mediastinum

51
Q

what membranes do the pluera have?

A

visceral and parietal pleura

52
Q

what membranes does the pericardium have?

A

visceral and parietal

53
Q

what is unique about the parietal layer of the serous pericardium?

A

linees the mediastinum

54
Q

how is the abdominopelvic cavity divided?

A

superior abdominal cavity and the inferior pelvic cavity

55
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity lined by?

A

peritoneum

56
Q

what are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum

57
Q

what is unique about the parietal peritoneum?

A

lines most digestive organs

58
Q

what is an organ NOT in the peritoneum called?

A

retroperitoneal

59
Q

what organs are retroperitoneal?

A

kidneys, pancreas

60
Q

what contains the bladder, reproductive organs, distal portion of the large intestine, and inferior portion of the peritoneal cavity?

A

pelvic cavity

61
Q

what defines the middle of the quadrants of the body trunk?

A

the navel

62
Q

what are the names of the quadrants of the body trunk?

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

63
Q

how is the surgical regions of the body trunk divided?

A

horizontal above and below the navel, vertical from the clavicle

64
Q

what is the top right region of the body trunk?

A

right hypochondriac region

65
Q

what is the top middle region of the body trunk?

A

epigastric region

66
Q

what is the top left region of the body trunk?

A

left hypochondriac region

67
Q

what is the middle right region of the body trunk?

A

right lumbar region

68
Q

what is in the center region of the body trunk?

A

umbilical region

69
Q

what is in the middle left region of the body trunk?

A

left lumbar region

70
Q

what is in the bottom right region of the body trunk?

A

right iliac region

71
Q

what is in the bottom middle region of the body trunk?

A

hypogastric region

72
Q

what is in the bottom left region of the body trunk?

A

left iliac region

73
Q

what is maintaining a stable internal environment?

A

homeostasis

74
Q

what does the body need to be able to do to maintain proper function?

A

respond to internal and external changes

75
Q

what are the three parts of homeostasis?

A

receptor, control center, effector

76
Q

what part of homeostasis detects the stimulus or environmental change?

A

receptor

77
Q

what part of homeostasis recieves and proccesses info from receptors AND sends out commands?

A

control center

78
Q

what part of homeostasis responds to commands from the control center?

A

effector

79
Q

what is the desired value range called?

A

set point

80
Q

what responds to a stimulus by opposing or negating the change?

A

negative feedback homeostasis

81
Q

what responds to a stimulus by intensifying and amplifying it?

A

positive feedback homeostasis

82
Q

in a stressful situation that needs to be completed quickly, what feedback is normally used?

A

positive feedback homeostasis

83
Q

if skin tears and causes bleeding, what feedback is used and why?

A

positive feedback homeostasis to induce quick clotting

84
Q

which feedback has a definitive endpoint?

A

positive feedback homeostasis

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (4 decks)

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