chapter 5 Flashcards
what is pain
protective reflex for self preservation
the sensation of pain refers to
means by which the body is made urgently aware of the presence of tissue damage
what is endured after chronic pain
mental fatigue
pain represents a _____ for self preservation
protective reflex
pain is a _____ symptom of an underlying pathologic condition
diagnostic
relief of pain is immediate resolution. Only by what is the ultimate resolution
treatment of the underlying cause
for some, pain can also be effectively treated with
inactive pills (placebos)
what are the 2 components of pain
perception and reaction
what does perception of pain refer to
PHYSICAL; the message of pain sent to cortex via nerves
what does reaction of pain refer to
PSYCHOLOGICAL; emotional response to pain, can vary from person to person
what can lower your pain threshold
anxiety
sleeplessness
tiredness
anger
fear, fright, depression
discomfort/pain
what can raise your pain threshold
sleep/rest
diversion
empathy
specific meds: anti-anxiety, analgesics, antidepressant
what are the 2 types of analgesic agents
nonopioids
opioids
examples of nonopioids
salicylates (aspirin)
NSAIDS (ibuprofen, naproxen)
nonsalicylate (acetaminophen)
pain level that is targeted with the use of nonopioid analgesic
mild to moderate pain
nonopioid analgesic act primarily at?
peripheral nerve endings
-although their antipyretic effect is mediated centrally
mechanism of action: nonopioid analgesics inhibit what?
prostaglandin synthesis (perception)
-regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue
what are some examples of opioid analgesics
codeine (tyl 3)
hydromorpheine (dilaudid)
oxycodon (oxycontin)
hydrocodone (vicadin)
meperidine (demerol)
fentanyl (duragesic)
opioid analgesics treat what level of pain
moderate to severe
opioid analgesics site of action: act primarily in the
central nervous sytem (CNS)
opioid analgesics mechanism of action: affect the response to pain by
depressing the CNS (reaction)
what is the most useful and common salicylate to reduce pain
aspirin
(chemical name; acetylsalicylic acid ASA)
how do you know if aspirin has gone bad
vinegar odour
if salicylic acid is expired it may increase
adverse reactions of GI
effects of acetylsalicylic acids
anti inflammatory
antipyretic
analgesic
anti-platelet
prostaglandin is an extension of the
fatty acid synthesis pathway
prostaglandin is associated with _____ pain. are synthesized in cells from _____
localized pain; arachidonic acid (AA)
