chapter 5

Question 1

what is pain

Answer 1

protective reflex for self preservation

Question 2

the sensation of pain refers to

Answer 2

means by which the body is made urgently aware of the presence of tissue damage

Question 3

what is endured after chronic pain

Answer 3

mental fatigue

Question 4

pain represents a _____ for self preservation

Answer 4

protective reflex

Question 5

pain is a _____ symptom of an underlying pathologic condition

Answer 5

diagnostic

Question 6

relief of pain is immediate resolution. Only by what is the ultimate resolution

Answer 6

treatment of the underlying cause

Question 7

for some, pain can also be effectively treated with

Answer 7

inactive pills (placebos)

Question 8

what are the 2 components of pain

Answer 8

perception and reaction

Question 9

what does perception of pain refer to

Answer 9

PHYSICAL; the message of pain sent to cortex via nerves

Question 10

what does reaction of pain refer to

Answer 10

PSYCHOLOGICAL; emotional response to pain, can vary from person to person

Question 11

what can lower your pain threshold

Answer 11

anxiety
sleeplessness
tiredness
anger
fear, fright, depression
discomfort/pain

Question 12

what can raise your pain threshold

Answer 12

sleep/rest
diversion
empathy
specific meds: anti-anxiety, analgesics, antidepressant

Question 13

what are the 2 types of analgesic agents

Answer 13

nonopioids
opioids

Question 14

examples of nonopioids

Answer 14

salicylates (aspirin)
NSAIDS (ibuprofen, naproxen)
nonsalicylate (acetaminophen)

Question 15

pain level that is targeted with the use of nonopioid analgesic

Answer 15

mild to moderate pain

Question 16

nonopioid analgesic act primarily at?

Answer 16

peripheral nerve endings
-although their antipyretic effect is mediated centrally

Question 17

mechanism of action: nonopioid analgesics inhibit what?

Answer 17

prostaglandin synthesis (perception)
-regulating the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue

Question 18

what are some examples of opioid analgesics

Answer 18

codeine (tyl 3)
hydromorpheine (dilaudid)
oxycodon (oxycontin)
hydrocodone (vicadin)
meperidine (demerol)
fentanyl (duragesic)

Question 19

opioid analgesics treat what level of pain

Answer 19

moderate to severe

Question 20

opioid analgesics site of action: act primarily in the

Answer 20

central nervous sytem (CNS)

Question 21

opioid analgesics mechanism of action: affect the response to pain by

Answer 21

depressing the CNS (reaction)

Question 22

what is the most useful and common salicylate to reduce pain

Answer 22

aspirin
(chemical name; acetylsalicylic acid ASA)

Question 23

how do you know if aspirin has gone bad

Answer 23

vinegar odour

Question 24

if salicylic acid is expired it may increase

Answer 24

adverse reactions of GI

Question 25

effects of acetylsalicylic acids

Answer 25

anti inflammatory
antipyretic
analgesic
anti-platelet

Question 26

prostaglandin is an extension of the

Answer 26

fatty acid synthesis pathway

Question 27

prostaglandin is associated with _____ pain. are synthesized in cells from _____

Answer 27

localized pain; arachidonic acid (AA)